【正文】 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文36參考文獻(xiàn)1 ：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2 盛兆順，[M].北京：化3 YPMA Methods for Machine Vibration Analysis and Health Monitoring [D] ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,20224 Mcfadden P D. Examination of a Technique for the Early Detection of Failures in Geaes by Signal Prcessing of the Time Domain Average of the Meshing Vibration . Mechanical System and Signal Processing , , ,1987:1731835 ：科學(xué)出版社，20226 ：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，7 8 Labview 的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷系統(tǒng). 煤礦機(jī)械9 Labview 時(shí)頻分析的滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷. 煤礦機(jī)械10 趙協(xié)廣,[J] 2022(11):293211 王力、張冰、徐偉 .基于 MATLAB 復(fù)調(diào)制 ZOOMFFT 算法的分析和實(shí)現(xiàn)[J]船舶電子工程,2022(4):11912112 史東鋒, [J] 中國(guó)機(jī)械工程, 2022(12):1 382 1 385.哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文37附錄 AEXTENDING BEARING LIFEAbstract：Nature works hard to destroy bearings, but their chances of survival can be improved by following a few simple guidelines. Extreme neglect in a bearing leads to overheating and possibly seizure or, at worst, an explosion. But even a failed bearing leaves clues as to what went wrong. After a little detective work, action can be taken to avoid a repeat performance.Keywords: bearings failures lifeBearings fail for a number of reasons，but the most mon are misapplication，contamination，improper lubricant，shipping or handling damage，and misalignment. The problem is often not difficult to diagnose because a failed bearing usually leaves telltale signs about what went wrong．However，while a postmortem yields good information，it is better to avoid the process altogether by specifying the bearing correctly in The first place．To do this，it is useful to review the manufacturers sizing guidelines and operating characteristics for the selected bearing.Equally critical is a study of requirements for noise, torque, and runout, as well as possible exposure to contaminants, hostile liquids, and temperature extremes. This can provide further clues as to whether a bearing is right for a job.1 Why bearings failAbout 40% of ball bearing failures are caused by contamination from dust, dirt, shavings, and corrosion. Contamination also causes torque and noise problems, and is often the result of improper handling or the application environment．Fortunately, a bearing failure caused by environment or handling 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文38contamination is preventable，and a simple visual examination can easily identify the cause．Conducting a postmortem il1ustrates what to look for on a failed or failing bearing．Then，understanding the mechanism behind the failure, such as brinelling or fatigue, helps eliminate the source of the problem.Brinelling is one type of bearing failure easily avoided by proper handing and assembly. It is characterized by indentations in the bearing raceway caused by shock loading－such as when a bearing is droppedor incorrect assembly. Brinelling usually occurs when loads exceed the material yield point(350,000 psi in SAE 52100 chrome steel)．It may also be caused by improper assembly, Which places a load across the races．Raceway dents also produce noise， vibration，and increased torque.A similar defect is a pattern of elliptical dents caused by balls vibrating between raceways while the bearing is not turning．This problem is called false brinelling. It occurs on equipment in transit or that vibrates when not in operation. In addition, debris created by false brinelling acts like an abrasive, further contaminating the bearing. Unlike brinelling, false binelling is often indicated by a reddish color from fretting corrosion in the lubricant.False brinelling is prevented by eliminating vibration sources and keeping the bearing well lubricated. Isolation pads on the equipment or a separate foundation may be required to reduce environmental vibration. Also a light preload on the bearing helps keep the balls and raceway in tight contact. Preloading also helps prevent false brinelling during transit.Seizures can be caused by a lack of internal clearance, improper lubrication, or excessive loading. Before seizing, excessive, friction and heat softens the bearing steel. Overheated bearings often change color，usually to blueblack or straw colored．Friction also causes stress in the retainer，which can break and 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文39hasten bearing failure．Premature material fatigue is caused by a high load or excessive preload．When these conditions are unavoidable，bearing life should be carefully calculated so that a maintenance scheme can be worked out．Another solution for fight。我在寫論文的過(guò)程中遇到了種種困難和問題，所幸張老師不厭其煩的講解和指導(dǎo)，在此謹(jǐn)向張老師表達(dá)最誠(chéng)摯的謝意。同時(shí)，通過(guò)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，也增強(qiáng)了我運(yùn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)查閱資料，篩選資料，學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的能力。經(jīng)過(guò)這幾個(gè)月的學(xué)習(xí)，我初步掌握了運(yùn)用 Labview 軟件來(lái)發(fā)平臺(tái)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像處理的方法，基本上達(dá)到了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的要求。大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)即將接近尾聲，我也即將走向人生的新起點(diǎn)，在這人生過(guò)渡的重要階段，這段畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)歷增強(qiáng)了我克服困難的決心和勇氣，使我積累了解決問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)我的耐心和毅力。哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文35致謝緊張而忙碌的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)馬上就要結(jié)束了，在這幾個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，我從查閱資料，到軟件調(diào)試、運(yùn)行，充分體會(huì)了一個(gè)軟件產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)過(guò)程，也讓我看到了我自身水平的缺點(diǎn)與不足。通過(guò)我們模擬的軸承故障，在我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)中能夠自動(dòng)檢測(cè)到相對(duì)應(yīng)的故障，實(shí)現(xiàn)了軸承故障在線診斷和故障識(shí)別，同時(shí)也可以完成離線數(shù)據(jù)分析。我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了故障模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)，搭建測(cè)量電路，利用 Labview 軟件平臺(tái)，開發(fā)軸承故障分析系統(tǒng)。應(yīng)采用多種方法進(jìn)行綜合分析才能正確做出診斷決策。很多情況下，振動(dòng)特征和故障類型之間，并非是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)單關(guān)系。有些單獨(dú)在頻域當(dāng)中對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理，通過(guò)頻譜變換等來(lái)分析信號(hào)的特征。哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文34結(jié)論軸承是旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的主要部件，也是故障產(chǎn)生的主要來(lái)源。哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文33 本章小結(jié)本章主要是通過(guò)一個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明該故障檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的正確性。在模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上換裝軸承外圈故障的軸承，然后啟動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)觀測(cè)該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況，這種情況下，正常運(yùn)行等熄滅，報(bào)警燈（紅燈）點(diǎn)亮，然后系統(tǒng)會(huì)彈出對(duì)話框報(bào)警，提示軸承外圈故障，軸承故障類型顯示窗口出現(xiàn)軸承外圈故障的字樣，報(bào)警時(shí)檢測(cè)到頻率為 ，在備注窗口中出現(xiàn)軸承外圈故障頻率的估算公式，這一部分的信息與軸承內(nèi)圈故障時(shí)出現(xiàn)的信息非常的相似，同樣對(duì)于其他的故障系統(tǒng)也會(huì)以同樣的方式來(lái)顯示，以更多的信息提供給實(shí)驗(yàn)得操作者來(lái)幫助分析實(shí)驗(yàn)，來(lái)對(duì)軸承做更準(zhǔn)確的分析和研究，軸承外圈故障時(shí)的前面板如下圖 55 所示。我們可以看的出，系統(tǒng)在正常的軸承下運(yùn)行是準(zhǔn)確的，并且能夠?qū)崟r(shí)顯示信息，這就為我們?cè)谙旅孑S承故障時(shí)候運(yùn)行做了基礎(chǔ)，這樣就能為我們?cè)谙乱徊綑z測(cè)的時(shí)候排除系統(tǒng)不正常的假想。 圖 51 系統(tǒng)參數(shù)輸入窗 圖 52 軸承故障頻率輸出窗口可見系統(tǒng)計(jì)算出的故障頻率與我們的手動(dòng)就算出的頻率完全相符，可以說(shuō)明該系統(tǒng)頻率計(jì)算模塊的準(zhǔn)確性。根據(jù)在第二章介紹的軸承損傷的故障頻率計(jì)算公式，我們可以手動(dòng)計(jì)算得到，軸承的內(nèi)圈故障頻率為 、軸承的外圈故障頻率為、軸承滾動(dòng)體故障頻率為 、軸承支架故障頻率為 。我們采用的是深溝球滾子軸承，節(jié)圓直徑 D=，滾動(dòng)體直徑 d=，滾子數(shù)哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文30N=8，接觸角 α=0176。哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文29第 5 章 軸承故障診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)前面我們介紹的都是為了完成該系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，本章主要是對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的可行性進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的確認(rèn)和分析。圖 49 故障識(shí)別模塊綜