【正文】 謝謝你們！附 錄附錄A：英文原文：LEAD ACID BATTERIESHow is it made and how does it work ?The lead acid battery is made up of a series of identical cells each containing sets of positive and negative plates.In semi traction cells flat plate construction is used. Each positive plate is a cast metallic frame which contains the lead dioxide active material. The negative plates contain spongy lead active material. Both plates usually have the same surface areas.In practice a typical cell is constructed with many more plates than just two in order to get the required current output. All positive plates are connected together as are all the negatives. Because each positive plate is always positioned between two negative plates, there is always one or more negative plate than positives.The resultant voltage of lead acid cell is normally 2 volts In order to achieve the voltage required for the application each cell is then connected in series by substantial metal straps to form a battery. In a typical monoblock battery, such as that used in a car for starting, the voltage required is 12 volts, achieved by connecting six cells together in series and enclosing them in one plastic box. Leisure batteries where a sustained current requirement is needed and a deep cycle, the ability to be discharged to 90%, have a different makeup to that of a traction battery that is used in a car.The cell containing the plates is filled with an electrolyte made up of sulphuric acid and distilled water with a specific gravity of at 60deg F ( C). Sulphuric acid is a very active pound of hydrogen and sulphur and oxygen atoms. Sulphuric acid is a very reactive substance and because of its instability it is able to distribute itself very evenly throughout the electrolyte in the battery. Over time, this action ensures that an even reaction can occur between all the plates. the lead dioxide at the positive plates turns the surface of both plates into lead sulphate. As this process occurs the hydrogen within the acid reacts with the oxygen within the lead dioxide to form water. The net result of all this reaction is that the positive plate gives up electrons and the negative plate gains them in equal numbers, thereby creating a potential difference between the two plates. Care and Maintenance of Flooded Lead Acid BatteriesThe most important aspects of care for these and all other types of batteries concern both charge and discharge as well as the mechanical treatment of the batteries . keeping them topped up with water etc.It is important to consider that lead acid (pb) batteries are, as we have seen above, quite delicate chemical factories.DischargeLead acid batteries should never be run flat. The maximum remended discharge is 75% of the total. This means that the battery should have a minimum of 25% of charge remaining when it is put on charge.Lead acid batteries once filled with electrolyte, should always be regularly charged even if they are not in use. When left idle a filled battery will self discharge because of its own internal resistance. Storage also affects the rate of discharge. A battery should never be stored directly on the ground and especially not on concrete. The best storage method is wooden pallets which do not conduct or allow damp paths and do allow good air circulation. During storage, most manufacturers remend a freshening charge once every two months or so.How to find the state of chargeTo easily see the state of charge accurately you should obtain and fit a battery condition instrument such as the E meter or Curtis 901, the former is easily the best but is not cheap. The most accurate way of checking a battery’s condition is with a drop tester but this is not a quick and easy method.The cost of an E meter or curtis may initially appear prohibitive, but you should consider how much its cost will save by preventing the premature failure of expensive batteries.It is extremely difficult to accurately measure the state of charge of a lead acid battery and to predict the remaining capacity.Battery capacity is not parable to a tank full of petrol. A filled petrol tank contains a finite amount of energy which can be used either slowly or fast according to the energy required. Battery capacity is not so simple.If you try to draw the battery down more quickly you cannot expect to get the same amount of Ah from it. For example if you draw it down over just one hour the ap。同時在設計的過程中得到了同學們的幫助，提出了許多寶貴的意見，在這里我要感謝你們的幫助。但鉛酸蓄電池由于其技術(shù)成熟、成本低、安全可靠、跟隨負荷輸出特性好等優(yōu)點，正成為近期及過渡時期電動車用動力源的理想選擇，它克服了燃油汽車尾氣排放造成的大氣污染而被稱為交通工具的綠色能源，因此，對其容量檢測方法的探討會不斷深化，其具有較強的實際應用價值[15]。對于使用者來說，從外部來看，密封蓄電池是一個“黑箱”，至少是一個“灰箱”。對它進行快速準確的容量測試是非常困難的。蓄電池的放電過程是化學能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿倪^程，蓄電池的充電過程是電能轉(zhuǎn)化變?yōu)榛瘜W能的的過程。特別對于廣大現(xiàn)場維護工程師而言，這種需求更顯迫切。在定電阻放電狀態(tài)下，也可方便地測量出其準確的蓄電池容量，且體積小、可靠性高、價格低廉、測量方便、具有很高的性能價格比，一定會得到廣泛的應用。延時子程序 MOV R7,0DELAYLOOP: DJNZ R7,DELAYLOOPDJNZ R6,DELAYLOOPRET第6章 結(jié)論與展望本設計采用AT89C51單片機為核心，使系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)單片化結(jié)構(gòu)。顯示最后一位 SETB CALL DELAY MOV A,0 MOV P1,A RETLEDMAP: DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07HDB 7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71H。顯示最左邊一位八段管SETB CALL DELAYCLR MOV P1,72H 。顯示碼填入顯示緩沖73HCLR CLR CLR 。顯示碼填入顯示緩沖72HMOV A,53H MOV DPTR,LEDMAP MOVC A,A+DPTR 。數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成顯示碼(中間) ADD A,80H 。數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成顯示碼(最高位) MOV 71H,A 。71H,72H,73H中為查表得到的顯示碼。數(shù)字顯示子程序：。選通通道1 CLR MOVX DPTR,AAA: POP DPLPOP DPHPOP ACCPOP PSWRERI 數(shù)字顯示程序設計本系統(tǒng)采用動態(tài)顯示方式，LED為共陰極。保護現(xiàn)場 PUSH ACC PUSH DPH PUSH DPL MOV DPTR,0BFFFH MOVX A,DPTR 。延時10usSETB EX1 。選通通道0 SETB MOV DPTR,A 。開中斷 SETB IT1 。A/D轉(zhuǎn)換啟動子程序：。(6)讀A/D結(jié)果寄存器。(4)啟動A/D轉(zhuǎn)換。(2)設置A/D中斷。程序流程如圖51所示。如此反復。當=36000時，83H為1，然后82H，83H的數(shù)據(jù)清零。每次累加到360000A。 (54)開始上電端電壓調(diào)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換子程序讀入電壓和電流啟動主電路顯示出錯調(diào)顯示子程序顯示電壓求和運算，結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)換，送顯示RAM調(diào)顯示子程序顯示容量端電壓10報警閃爍顯示最終容量端電壓1V1V