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國際貿(mào)易信用證結(jié)算現(xiàn)狀分析畢業(yè)論文(參考版)

2025-06-25 03:21本頁面
  

【正文】 s Court from the jurisdiction of the regiona。s Higher Court。s Court。 4. The Supreme People39。 3. Special Economic Zones, plans a separate City Intermediate People39。 2. The provincial capital, the capital of autonomous regions, municipalities, the seat of the Intermediate People39。s courts jurisdiction of the following:1. State Council approved the establishment of the Economic Development Zone People39。 negotiation, stressed that the documents (bills of exchange) to buy, Can be clear or agreed to advance to advance to the beneficiaries, according to this definition, longterm negotiating letters of credit is reasonable. There is also consistent with singlepay and applicant and Bank Holiday and so on.Fourth, the replacement of a number of definitions. If the trial singleline decision to document the number of days from “reasonable time” to “single the following day to a maximum of five working days from the ”, “the letter of credit” UCP600 only that its essence is to “permit an irrevocable line of a clear mitment, that is consistent with the crosspayment.”Another example is a permit for the designated Baodui Hang Bank and Bank of liability, that is independent of its mitment to the beneficiaries.Fifthly, to facilitate trade and operation. UCP600 some particularly important changes. If the document processing payments, an increase of dishonour, if the applicant received a permit will not give up points the notice, you can release documents。s banking sector in ICCCHINA organizations, to conduct an indepth study and put forward a detailed and constructive views, many of which have been reflected in the current version. Over the past three years, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice of the annual spring and autumn regular meeting, UCP are important issues for discussion. Many more controversial provisions are in regular meeting by the National Committee to vote to decide the way. Some provisions are more narrowly defined, reflected the strength of the right to speak.October 25, 2006, to be held in Paris the ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice of the autumn meeting of 2006, to name (RollCall) form, the 71 countries and regions in the ICC to 105 votes in favour (of which, seven countries have 3 votes weight, 20 countries and regions have the right to re2 vote, 44 countries have one vote. It is worth mentioning that there are three votes in the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, China 2, with Chinese Taipei 2 votes), UCP600 eventually be passed.The main changes in UCP600UCP600 a total of 39 terms, than UCP500 reduce 10, but more than 500 accurate, clear, legible and easy to grasp and easy to operate.It will link the issues involved in an article in the Terms。附錄2Letters of creditrelated supplementaryWith the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) of the AmendmentWith the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP) is the international banking munity, lawyers sector, academia and consciously abide by the “l(fā)aw”, is recognized around the world, the most successful so far provides a nonofficial. 70 years, more than 160 countries and regions of the ICC and the continued expansion of the ICC Board for the UCP and work hard to improve.At present, we are familiar with and used 13 of the UCP500 forthing from the historical stage. Instead, what the changing times, follow the technological development of UCP600. This is the UCP since 1933 e out after the sixth revised edition.May 2003, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice of the approval of the UCP revision. Revised by nine of the drafting group to the early 15th meeting, and taking into account 26 countries from the 41 banks and the transportation industry experts, the information group39。涉及香港、澳門特別行政區(qū)和臺灣地區(qū)當事人的民商事糾紛案件的管轄,參照本規(guī)定外處理。信用證和單據(jù)糾紛由專門案件的法院管理這些有管轄全的法院包括:第一審涉外民商由下列人民法院管轄:1.國務(wù)院批準設(shè)立的經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)人民法院;2.省會、自治區(qū)首府、直轄市所在地的中級人民法院;3.經(jīng)濟特區(qū)、計劃單列市中級人民法院;4.最高人民法院指定的其他中級人民法院;5.高級人民法院;上述中級人民法院的區(qū)域管轄范圍由所在地的高級人民法院確定?!禪CP600》有些特別重要的改動。再如開證行和保兌行對于指定行的償付責任,強調(diào)是獨立于其對受益人的承諾的。如對審單做出單證是否相符決定的天數(shù),由“合理時間”變?yōu)椤白疃酁槭諉我钊掌鸬?個工作日”。另外還有“相符交單”、“申請人”、“銀行日”等等。   第三,UCP600的新概念描述極其清楚準確。   第二,UCP600取消了無實際意義的許多條款。   UCP600糾正了UCP500造成的許多誤解:   首先,把UCP500難懂的詞語改變?yōu)楹啙嵜髁说恼Z言,取消了易造成誤解的條款,如“合理關(guān)注”、“合理時間”及“在其表面”等短語。 UCP600的主要變化   UCP600共有39個條款、比UCP500減少10條,但卻比500更準確、清晰,更易讀、易掌握、易操作。   2006年10月25日,在巴黎舉行的ICC銀行技術(shù)與慣例委員會2006年秋季例會上,以點名(RollCall)形式,經(jīng)71個國家和地區(qū)ICC委員會以105票贊成(其中,7個國家各有3票權(quán)重,20個國家和地區(qū)各有2票權(quán)重,44個國家各有1票。許多爭議較大的條款,都是在例會上由各國家委員會以投票的方式來決定的。對于其每次修訂稿,我國銀行界在ICCCHINA的組織下,都進行了深入研究,并提出了詳細的建設(shè)性意見,其中很多已經(jīng)反映在目前的版本中。在復(fù)雜的磋商過程中,起草小組共收到來自各ICC國家委員會的5000多份意見書。   2003年5月,ICC銀行技術(shù)與慣例委員會批準對UCP進行修改。取而代之的是順應(yīng)時代變遷、順應(yīng)科技發(fā)展的《UCP600》。70多年來,160多個國家和地區(qū)的ICC和不斷擴充的ICC委員會持續(xù)為UCP的完善而努力工作著。只要銀行和中糧內(nèi)部業(yè)務(wù)員加強業(yè)務(wù)知識的學(xué)習,掌握有關(guān)國際貿(mào)易、國際金融、國際商法等方面的法規(guī)及慣例,提高自身的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì),增強風險意識和防范意識,辦事小心謹慎,保證證同一致、單證一致,單單一致和單貨一致,就能在實際業(yè)務(wù)中從容回避風險,減少不必要的損失,確保安全準時收匯。結(jié)束語隨著買方市場在全球貿(mào)易中的逐步形成,中國糧食貿(mào)易公司的競爭手段也呈現(xiàn)多樣化,其中靈活多樣的支付方式已成為中糧增加出口競爭能力的重要手段。尤其是中東、非洲、南美洲等國由于外匯不充裕而外匯管制較嚴,這些國家開來的信用證,附加條款很多,而且這些國家的商人大多數(shù)屬中小商家,客商信用欠佳;在貨價下跌時,他們往往不講信用,不去付款贖單,開證行此時亦稱由于商人不付款而不履行付款責任。信用證開出之后中糧應(yīng)對開證銀行的聲譽及資信情況進行全面的了解,對于一些不熟悉的或者資信較差的開證行,中糧應(yīng)該要求由開證行以外的另一家資信良好的銀行對該開證行的責任加以保兌。這樣當中糧拿到保兌信用證時,就可獲得除開證行之外的第二家銀行的付款保障,從而降低了收匯風險。如年鑒上查無此開證行,則說明該銀行是很小的銀行,應(yīng)提高警惕。這些機構(gòu)是:美國的標準普爾公司、穆迪公司,它們重點是美國銀行;英國的國際銀行及信用分析機構(gòu),簡稱1CBA,其重點是歐洲及遠東地區(qū)銀行。否則,公司發(fā)貨后提交的單據(jù)無論多么與信用證要求一致,也存在無法收到貨款的風險。在交易前通過一些具有獨立性的調(diào)查機構(gòu)仔細審查客戶的基本情況對其注冊資本、盈虧情況、業(yè)務(wù)范圍、公司設(shè)備開戶銀行所在地址、電話和賬號、經(jīng)營作風和過去的歷史等等進行必要的調(diào)查評議選擇資信良好的客戶作為自己的貿(mào)易伙伴。在信用證業(yè)務(wù)中,中糧的業(yè)務(wù)人員應(yīng)當加強責任心,做到認真審核信用證,嚴格按照信用證制作單據(jù),完成制單后應(yīng)仔細復(fù)核,使提交單據(jù)的種類及其內(nèi)容表達與信用證規(guī)定相一致,保證按期結(jié)匯。(二)交單時間:一般而言,運輸單據(jù)是所有單據(jù)中最后得到的,因此,諸如商業(yè)發(fā)票、裝箱單、原產(chǎn)地證書等單據(jù)應(yīng)在發(fā)貨之前就準備好;其次要求承運人密切配合,發(fā)貨后盡快出單,以便使中糧在獲得運輸單據(jù)后,即可連同其它事先繕制好的信用證所要求的單據(jù),經(jīng)審核無誤后在第一時間交單。同時應(yīng)該加強時間的緊迫感,及時交單應(yīng)在以下三個方面爭取時間:(一)交單期限:信用證中約定的交單期限不可太短,一般以發(fā)貨后15一20天為宜。中國糧食貿(mào)易公司雖然是多年的老公司,但是新人還是會引進的這樣也為企業(yè)帶來了麻煩,通過總結(jié)我們可以從圖表中發(fā)現(xiàn)新舊人的比例,新人的比例占58%,也就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)企業(yè)應(yīng)該提高內(nèi)部員工的素質(zhì)能力,: 中國糧食貿(mào)易公司新舊人員比例人員新人老員工比例58%42%資料來源:公司內(nèi)部資料整理第三節(jié) 正確繕制單據(jù),提高制單質(zhì)量正確繕制單據(jù),提高制單質(zhì)量,防止開證行以輕微不符拒付。中糧內(nèi)部業(yè)務(wù)人員要不斷學(xué)習,要熟悉信用證的知識,了解糧食的性質(zhì)和生產(chǎn)情況以及船期、檢驗、報
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