高三英語：專題九非謂語動詞十一-專題熱點復(fù)習(xí)(參考版)
2025-06-10 23:51本頁面
【正文】 I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. (目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便給家人準(zhǔn)備早餐。He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. (目的)為給他的女友買一件精美的禮物，他跑遍了所有的商店。His frightening shout scared the boys again. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼見為實。It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收?！?Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本應(yīng)該告訴他的。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。)There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。如：She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)I know what to do. (I do what.)3．不定式作表語形容詞的關(guān)語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 如：This book is difficult to understand. This kind of fish is nice to eat. 4．在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：I didn’t know what to do. (賓語)When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語)My question was how to get so many books. (表語)注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?二、不定式的主動和被動1．不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時間)Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時間)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況)4．獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。3．分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。2．分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。being + V + ed(being done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語置于句首。having + V + ed(having done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽車停下來以便接納乘客。so as to 不用于句首。She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。如：He was too excited not to say a few words. 他太激動了，不會不講幾句話的。I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 聽到你母親生病真遺憾。（表示結(jié)果）在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。（表目的）He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy to be visited. 那個地方值得一去。此外，若動詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補足語。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。如：I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.I’d like to go swimming this weekend. 3．在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如表示經(jīng)常性
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