國(guó)際貿(mào)易chappt課件(參考版)
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【正文】 Theory of Overlapping Demands (需求偏好相似說 )； Theory of Economies of Scale (規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)理論 )。 2022年美國(guó)貿(mào)易差額主要來源 2. Visible trade vs. invisible trade ? Visible trade: trade in goods (merchandise) ? Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) classifies international trade modities into 10 categories, 63 chapters, 233 groups, 786 sections and 1924 items. ? Invisible trade: trade in services ? Services generally include the following categories in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system: wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, transport, storage, munications, financial services, insurance, real estate, business services, personal service, munity services, social services, and government services. 全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易與貨物出口情況（ 2022－ 2022） 全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口與貨物貿(mào)易出口增速對(duì)比（ 2022－ 2022） 黑色：服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口增速 (%) 藍(lán)色：貨物貿(mào)易出口增速 (%) 2022年全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口前十位國(guó)家 2022年我國(guó)服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際收支情況 3. General trade system vs. special trade system Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports : ? General trade system (總貿(mào)易體系 )： This is a system under which statistic figures are collected based on country territory. ? Special trade system (專門貿(mào)易體系 )： This is a system under which statistic figures are collected based on customs territory. ? The two systems differ mainly in the way warehoused and reexported goods are treated. 4. Value of international trade vs. quantum of international trade ? Value of foreign trade: It is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade including the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. 我國(guó) 20222022年進(jìn)出口額統(tǒng)計(jì) （ 單位：億美元 ） 進(jìn)出口額 出口額 進(jìn)口額 2022 2022 25, 2022 2022 ? Value of international trade: It refers to the total value of exports based on FOB price, rather than the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout of the world. ? Quantum of international trade: It is the value of international trade without the influence of the factor of price fluctuations. Value of international trade in 20222022 Unit: US dollar at current prices (millions) Total merchandise exports 2022 12,461,000 2022 16,097,000 2022 13,993,000 2022 12,112,000 Example: The value of international trade is $ billions in 1950 (base year). The value of international trade is $ 5450 billions in 1997. The price index in 1997 was 600%. So the quantum of international trade in 1997 was 5450/600%=$ 908 billions Quantum of international trade= Value of international trade Price index 5. Direct trade vs. indirect trade ? Direct Trade: It means direct selling or buying between two countries. ? Indirect Trade: It means trade through a third country. For produc
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