【正文】 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + pp.一般過去時 was /were + pp.一般將來時 will be + pp. am/is/are going to be+ pp.情態(tài)動詞 may/ can/ must/ should be + pp.被動語態(tài)否定式為be not + pp.，情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)否定式為情態(tài)動詞＋not be + pp..●主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常將主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語；主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)橛山樵~by引導(dǎo)的賓語；謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)“be +過去分詞”形式，例如： Everyone likes the interesting fil。)，which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時，只能使用“that”。)，只能使用“that”。例：This will be the last chance that he can get.(這將會是他得到的唯一機會。例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. (這是我度過的最美好的時光。例：Tom told her mother all that had happened.(湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。what , which , who, whose, whom He asked me whose the book is.when, how, where, why Could you tell me where the restaurant is. Do you know how to get to the bank? if / whether 是否以下情況只能用 whether : 與or not 連用 Can you tell me whether we go or not.作介詞后的賓語從句 I’m worried about whether we should study each other,跟不定式to do Have you decided whether to go with us.定語從句的用法定語從句中只能使用that的情況 　　，everything，nothing等不定代詞時，只能使用“that”。 Jim told me that the earth is round. Jim告訴我地球是圓的。 He asked me if I used his bike. 他問我是否我用過他的自行車。 I wonder if you can help me. 我想知道你是否能幫我。 賓語從句要用陳述語態(tài) Do you know ______ for Shanghai last night? A. what time he leaves B. what time did he leave C. what time he left.二、主句與從句時態(tài)一致。(2) 肯定句：until = till 直到 I’ll wait for you until you e back.否定句：until = before not …. until 直到….才…… I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.。 She dressed her baby in a red skirt. dress up 打扮、裝扮 The girl dressed herself up ant went to the party. Put on （動作）穿上 It’s cold outside , put on your coat. wear = be in 穿著、戴著 Lily wears Tshirt every day. = Lily is in Tshirt every day.arrive , get , reacharrive + at / in +地點 When did you arrive in Chengdu ? get to +地點 How do you get to school ?reach +地點 When she reached the supermarket , her mother is shopping.die , dead , death , dying die（動詞）死亡→（過去時）died His friend died 3 years ago. dead（die的過去分詞，用于完成時，與for, since搭配） His friend has been dead for 3 years. death（名詞）死亡 His death is the loss（損失） of China. dying 垂死的 The poor man is dying. lose, forget, leavelose 丟失、失去 forget 忘記 forget to do sth / forget doing sthleave + 地點 “把某物落在某地） 以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用 must， 否定回答用 needn’tMust I finish the work today ? No, you needn’t.May I e in? No, you musn’t.非謂語動詞一、 動詞不定式 結(jié)構(gòu) to + V原 / not to +V原 用法① 作主語 + V三單 To speak English is not easy for us.② 作表語 My job is to clean the room.③ 作賓語 He likes to play soccer.④ 作賓語補足語 She asked me not to speak loudly.⑤ 作定語 Have you got anything to eat ?⑥ 作狀語 I went to the library to study English.（表目的）注： 作賓語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加介詞。（過去的過去） When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at hone. By the time she got to class, the teacher had started teaching.結(jié)構(gòu)：had + V過分時間狀語 ：by the time + 表示過去的時間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時。 在現(xiàn)在完成時中，有些動詞不能與一段時間搭配，所以在與for , since 引導(dǎo)的肯定句搭配時，要用其他動詞替代： buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead go/leave/movebe away (from) begin/startbe on fall asleepbe asleep finish/endbe over joinbe in/ be a +名詞 ebe here openbe open closebe closedI’ve left the school for 3 years. ( ) I’ve been away from the school for 3 years. ( )辨析 have / has been to , have /has gone to , have has been inhave/ has been to … 曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來I have been to Paris 3 times.have/has gone to… 去了某地，現(xiàn)在還沒回來，可能還在路上。 Has she gone to school yet ? His parents haven’t been to Paris yet. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，常與for, since連用.現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作才剛結(jié)束，但影響還在。 They are studying hard this term. 時間狀語now , these days, 當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ook, listen , can’t you see, can you see時 Listen! He is singing.(5) 現(xiàn)在完成時 already / yet 已經(jīng)already一般用于肯定，與完成時態(tài)和進(jìn)行時連用，也可以用于疑問句，表驚訝。what are you going to do next Sunday? I am going to listen to music.Look at the clouds, there is going to rain.③ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be +Ving 有時可以表示將來。① 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語：Yesterday, last night/week/year/month, last Sunday, in 1995, the other day, just now, ago等⑶一般將來時。When I was in the countryside. I often swam in the river. I used to go fishing.結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語+ V過去+其他。 ⑴表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 The earth goes around the sun.⑶在時間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。I usually go to school by bus. 主語（三單）+V三單 She plays tennis once a week.疑問句：Do+主語+V原……？ Does+主語（三單）+ V原……？否定句：主語+don’t + V原. 主語（三單）+ doesn’t + V原. 用法：⑴表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作。be, have, has, do, does, did, will, shall (詳見 P54 )Ⅰ、動詞的五種基本形式(詳見 P55 )Ⅱ、用法：1 一般現(xiàn)在時。（詳見 現(xiàn)在完成時）四、系動詞。buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, e等。（1） 動詞+介詞 look at, listen to, look after, look for, wait for, take after, depend on, think of, hand in,hear from, hear of, study for 等，此類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后。三十一、look for尋找 ind 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn) find out 查明、弄清楚三十二、be convenient to do sth 方便做某事三十三、have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高興 have fun doing sth做某事很愉快三十四、a good place to do sth做某事的好地方三十五、dress up as ….打扮成三十五、when （一般后跟過去時） while（一般后跟進(jìn)行時）三十六、it’s necessary to do sth做某事很有必要三十七、borrow …..from…. 向….借…. lend sth to sb 借給某人某物. keep 借并保存一定時間. 常與一段時間連用。二十八、問路方式： Could you tell me (Do you know) how to get to ……? Could you tell me the way to ….? Could you tell me where I can (do sth)..? Could you tell me where …. is ? Could you tell me if there is / are ….. around here ?二十九、be interested in = take an interest in + n / doing 三十、寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事。Which指物 who, whom, whose指人 where指某地 when指某時 A doctor is a person who looks after people’ health. I like the places where people are friendl