【正文】 rush to the bus stop.四十一、be supposed to do sth（不）應(yīng)該做某事..四十二、drop by 順便拜訪 四十三、after all 畢竟 撿起，挑選pick up 指著point at make a noise 制造噪音 沿著….一直走….walk down …四十四、make的用法 make + adj make sb do sth (hear, watch, see, have 等用法相同) （但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其后加 toMy mother made me to work 5 hours. I was made to work 5 hours.四十五、make mistake 犯錯 四十六、辨析 except / besides except （除…..之外） Everyone went to the beach except Jim. besides （除….之外，包括在內(nèi)） I have a lot of friends besides Mary.四十七、find(think) it + adj + to do 、認(rèn)為做某事是……四十八、不再….. not ……any more ( any longer) = no more ( no longer)語法專項動詞的分類和時態(tài)一、 動詞短語。 Look at the blackboard. Look after it carefully.（2） 動詞+副詞turn off, turn on, turn up, turn down, pick up, set up, cheer up, clean up, work out, put up, fix up, cut up, give out, give up, give away, put away, think over, put off, use up, hand out, mix up, look up, eat ,放在副詞前后都可,若是代詞, 必須放在中間.He turn off the light when he left. He picked it up and give it to me.⑶其他動詞短語： get along with, take pride in, pay attention to, make good use of, be proud of, keep away from, be busy with, be made of, be good at, be interested in, e up with, be satisfied with三、非延續(xù)動詞。不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要用延續(xù)動詞替換。 be, bee, get, look, seem, turn, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep五、助動詞。 肯定句： 主語+V原+其他。⑵表示客觀真理、事實。( if, as soon as, until, when) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park. When I grow up, I’ll go to Paris. 時間狀語：Always, often, sometimes, usually, on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every day/month/year/week, in the morning, once a year, twice a day, three times a day等⑵一般過去時。 I got up late this morning.⑵表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。 We visited the museum last week. My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday. 疑問句：Did+主語+ V原……？ Did you go shopping with him? Did she cook dinner for her family? 否定句：主語+didn’t+ V原…… He didn’t go to see the movie last Sunday.動詞的規(guī)則變化。 用法。其構(gòu)成：will + V原 肯定句：They will leave for Shanghai next week. 否定句：We won’t visit him tomorrow. 疑問句：Will you go to Shanghai in two weeks?(注：當(dāng)主語為I 或 we時，問句中可用 shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?② be going to+ V原 表示計劃、打算做某事。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞：go, e, leave, stay, start, arrive We’re leaving for London.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語 + is / am / are +ving疑問句：Is /Am /Are + 主語 +ving否定句：主語 + isn’t / am not / aren’t + ving 用法：① 表示正在進(jìn)行的動作 I’m reading book now.② 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。I have already finished my work. yet一般用于否定或疑問句。I have lost my pen .(結(jié)果是我的筆丟失了，我現(xiàn)在沒有鋼筆了)have you found your watch yet ? No , I haven’t found it yet.I have lived here for 10 years . 我已經(jīng)在這里住了10年（可能還會繼續(xù)住下去）結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語+ have / has +V過分 疑問句：Have /Has + 主語+ V過分 否定句：主語+ haven’t / hasn’t + V過分時間狀語yet, already, recently , just, once, never, ever, so far, these days. since +過去的時間點(diǎn)/過去時態(tài) for + 一段時間 in the last(past) + 一段時間延續(xù)和非延續(xù)動詞。where is your father ? he has gone to Shanghai.have/has been in… 已經(jīng)在某地（呆了多久） My family have been in Chengdu for 20 years(6) 過去進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu) was / were + doing用法 ① 表示過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作 what were you doing at 9:30 last night? I was watching TV.when一般接一般過去時 I was doing my homework when my father came home. while一般接進(jìn)行時 While my mother was cleaning, I went out. He was playing basketball while she was reading books.（7）過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某個時間以前好或過去某個動作以前，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 By the time we arrived at the shop, the bus had left. 動詞、短語辨析dress , put on , wear dress sb / oneself (in) 給某人穿衣。 I don’t have enough time to study for the test , so I have something to worry about. I need a room to live in不定式作賓語：want, refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, would like, offer, expect, decide, ask + to do sthI hope to find a good job after graduating from school.不定式作賓補(bǔ)：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage + sb (not) to do sthMy mother asks me not to play puter games before finishing homework.不帶to 的不定式: why not + do …? Had better (not) do sth. Would better (not) do… Could/Would/Will you (not) do…..? 另外，有些感官動詞和使役動詞也不帶to:Hear, see, watch, notice, feel, let, make, have + sb (not) do ….但變?yōu)楸粍訒r，要加 to The boss made them work the whole day. They were made to work the whole day. （被動）感嘆句（一）what引導(dǎo) what + a/an + adj +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語 What a beautiful girl she is ! what + adj +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語 What sweet water it is !（二）how引導(dǎo) How +adj / adv +主語+謂語 How interesting the film is !（三）如何判斷用what還是how凡是有a / an開頭，多用what； 凡是adj直接加名詞的，多用what，其他一般用how.狀語從句一、 時間狀語從句when, while , as, before, after, since, until, as soon as.(1) 當(dāng)主語是一般將來時或祈使句或有情態(tài)動詞時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，“主將從現(xiàn)”I’ll ring you as soon as I get to school. 我一到學(xué)校就打電話給你。二、條件狀語從句if , as long as（只要） , unless（除非） 主將從現(xiàn) I’ll visit you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Use your head, and you’ll find a way.Unless you work hard, you’ll get a good job. If the traffic lights are green, you can cross the street.賓語從句一、賓語從句的語態(tài)。如果主句用現(xiàn)在的某個時態(tài)，賓語從句視實際情況而定。主過 從過 He told me that he would take part in English club. 他告訴我他將參加英語俱樂部。 如果是客觀事實，賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。三、連接詞that可省略，that作主語時不能省。例：Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？)，any，much，many詞時，只能使用“that”。)，只能使用“that”。)，只能使用“that”?！? only，the very，the same，the last修飾時，只能使用“that”。)　He is the only person that can help you out.(他是唯一能幫你的人。例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你們昨天從圖書館借的書？)注意：●指物時，在介詞后只能用which，而不能用that.●定詞從句修飾代表地點(diǎn)、時間的先行詞時,就要用關(guān)系代詞that ,要用關(guān)系副詞 where（表地點(diǎn)）或 when（表時間）,在定語從句中作狀語.如:Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the book. I’ve been to the city that you visited last week.被動語態(tài)注意事項●構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)表明一個被動性動作，它由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞