[工學(xué)]寫科研論文的高級(jí)方法學(xué)(參考版)
2025-01-21 14:24本頁(yè)面
【正文】 。總結(jié)：經(jīng)過(guò)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)寫科技論文還是有方法可以遵循，有奧妙可以體會(huì)和總結(jié)的。比如要分清楚事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)！要分清楚大前提、小前提和結(jié)論；要避免循環(huán)論證，避免非此即彼、非白即黑等。然后，對(duì)三點(diǎn)展開論述，每一點(diǎn)就是一段。t show intellectual passion, you39。t want to learn. And, as I39。ve thought about them enough to express options. One counselee of mine had strong fellings on the issue if abortion and wrote the following:There are no circumstances that warrent the killing of a baby at any stage of development, no matter what the excuse. It is just plain murder. It amazes me that anyone can even speak up for the side of murder.When I remended that she choose another essay topic, she thought I was saying that her views were wrong. I told her that one their campuses, colleges like to have conservatives and liberals and everything in between. However, this essay introduction didn39。s refutations. In a refutation a writer anticipitates potential objections to his or her position and tries to show why they do not undermine the basic argument. Refutations do not relate directly to claims, reasons, and evidence. A skilled arguer typically uses them not as part of the main logic of an argument but as a separate step to deal with any obvious objections a reader is likely to have.Don Dunbar寫的What You Don39。（證據(jù)見：What You Don39。再有，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)召喚什么樣的人？思維活潑開放，勇于接受新理論的人。t avoid them. If you do, the audience will start creating them at the water cooler after the talk, and all your hard work will be for nothing.p. 40. Rhetorically, you should present the options you intend the audience to favor at the end of your list, because audiences tend to remember best things they hear last.還有種表現(xiàn)手法就是先詳細(xì)闡述自己的解釋，然后筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)說(shuō)也許有的人（比如審稿人）會(huì)說(shuō)......（提出不同的解釋），但是我們并不支持這個(gè)不同的解釋，這是因?yàn)?.....這兩種表現(xiàn)手法在The Aims of Argument: A Brief Rhetoric也有說(shuō)明。s going to be controversial, lay out three alternatives and tell, in order, why each one won39。聯(lián)系到寫科研論文Discussion部分，好比說(shuō)你發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，如果你只是如癡如醉地用一種原因來(lái)解釋這種現(xiàn)象，那么還不如逐個(gè)分析三種不同的解釋，用證據(jù)和論證來(lái)否定前面兩種，然后正面證實(shí)第三種解釋。Attempts have been made to modify SiO2 supports before loading For one, Nieuwenhuys and coworkers reported that the T50 (reaction temperature at which 50% of CO molecules are converted to CO2) value of Au/SiO2 in CO oxidation is 240oC, but when SiO2 is modified by CoOx, LaOx, or CeOx and gold is loaded thereafter, the T50 values decrease to 185, 135, and 115oC, respectively, indicating the promotional effect of these Our group29,31 and others28,30,3235 developed Au/TiO2/SiO22933 and Au/CoOx/SiO234,35 catalysts for CO oxidation. Nevertheless, even though the addition of certain promoters may improve the activity, the promoted catalysts are still not particularly active due to the unadvantageous starting point: the depositionprecipitation method does not work well for making active Au/SiO2 Hence, the promotional effect based on a better starting point (., highly active Au/SiO2 synthesized by advanced methods1622) may be further considered, and new methodologies for the installation of appropriate promoters may be developed.在Results部分，每一段開頭都有一個(gè)topics sentence，雖然這些句子很簡(jiǎn)單，也很“原始”，但是至少讓審稿人一目了然地知道作者要說(shuō)什么，在每一段里面用了什么方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了什么功能。如果作者不準(zhǔn)備報(bào)道什么東西，就不要在Introduction里面胡亂預(yù)測(cè)。好處之二是它“預(yù)測(cè)”了市場(chǎng)上什么樣的東西是需要的。第五句Hence, the promotional effect based on a better starting point (., highly active Au/SiO2 synthesized by advanced methods1622) may be further considered, and
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