【正文】 常用的助動詞有:be, do, have, shall, will等。 spread② 下面是一些易誤用的不規(guī)則動詞bear, bore, born bite, bit, bitten blow, blew, blowndraw, drew, drawn drink, drank, drunk eat, ate, eatenfly, flew, flown hide, hid, hidden lend, lent, lentmean, meant, meant ride, rode, ridden rise, rose, risenshake, shook, shaken swim, swam, swum tear, tore, tornthrow, threw, thrown wear, wore, worn英語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，一般在動詞末尾加ing。 read。 hurt。cut。 cast。如：bet 。構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞原形變化后一般在動詞原形末尾加edlook play looked played結(jié)尾是e的動詞加dlive hope lived hoped 以輔音字母加y的動詞，改y為i加edstudy carry studied carried 重讀閉音節(jié)的，又寫最后一個輔音字母，再加edstop drop fit stopped dropped fitted （2）不規(guī)則動詞的過去式及過去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，可以查不規(guī)則動詞變化形式表。（1）規(guī)則變化的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成是一樣的。第三人稱單數(shù)形式；加s的規(guī)則動詞一般現(xiàn)在時單數(shù)第三人稱形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法及讀音完全一樣。 prepare oneself forgive oneself to pride oneself onHe gives himself to pop music.She always dresses herself in white.第十二課時 動 詞（二）一、動詞的形式大多數(shù)動詞有四種基本形式：現(xiàn)在式；過去式；過去分詞；現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱為動詞原形。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.連系動詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。（1）及物動詞及物動詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整。行為動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，能獨立作謂語。在初中英語中，動詞的分類、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及動詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系，非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個初中課本，包括英語句型都離不開動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)，因此在學習時特別要注意英語中時態(tài)的運用和語態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞，常見的有：and, not only……but also, as well as, both…and, neither…nor….Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American.They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing.Work hard and you’ll pass the exam =If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.Both European and Asian speak RussiaYou can’t speak both American English and British English at the same time.Neither Tom nor you are a driver.Neither I nor he has seen the play.Neither of us is a teacherYou don’t like it, Neither do I .She is beautiful as well as clever.He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor.三、從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來連接各種從句的詞連接主語從句、表語從句與賓語從句的連詞只有三個，即that, if, whether。二、并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子。并列連詞是連接彼此并列關(guān)系的詞。形容詞與介詞的固定搭配有些形容詞后面要求用固定的介詞，這類介詞常見的有：about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with（1） 形容詞+aboutcareful about hopeful about sure aboutHe is careless about his clothes（2）形容詞 +atgood at surprised at angry at（3）形容詞 + forfamous for ready for sorry forI’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth.（4）形容詞 + fromdifferent from safe fromHe was absent from class this morningMy sister is different from me in many ways.（5）形容詞 + ininterested in successful inHe is interested in making model ships.名詞與介詞的固定搭配（1） 名詞 + forHe made up an excuse for being late.Did you find the cause for your failure?（2） 名詞 + inHe has some difficulty in translating the bookShe has made great progress in English.（3） 名詞 + ofShe found another way of solving the problemHe forms a bad habit of getting up late（4） 名詞 + onThere have been several attacks on foreigners recently.Have pity on me!（5） 名詞 + withI wanted to have a talk with youHe is always getting into trouble with the police第十課時 連 詞一、知識概述連詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中單獨作句子成分，也沒有句子重音，在句子中只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子以及從句的作用。介詞和動詞、形容詞、名詞等常構(gòu)成固定搭配。介詞短語在句中主要用作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。介詞后的名詞，或相當于名詞的其他詞組、短語或從句，稱為介詞賓語。在學習介詞時，最重要的是掌握介詞的用法，動介詞組的搭配，時間介詞、方位介詞、方向介詞、位置介詞、成語介詞以及動向介詞和靜向介詞的比較和區(qū)別。第九課時 介 詞一、知識概述介詞是一種虛詞，一般在句子中不重讀，也不能單獨充當句子成分，但與它的介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，就可以在句子中作狀語、定語和表語。so接在肯定句后表示“也一樣”，句式：so+助動詞+主語；neither接在一個否定句后面表示“也不，沒…….”句式：neither+助動詞+主語I have read the book, so has he.Jim didn’t win the game, neither did Tom.3）already, yetalready 和yet通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句中。too和either都用于句末，too用于肯定句中，either用于否定句及一般疑問句中，also放在句子中，BE動詞前，實義動詞后。 疑問副詞：是用來引導一個特殊問句，有時用來引導時間狀語從句或賓語從句。如：e in, please They live in the next room.方式副詞：badly, carefully ,politely