【正文】 s plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage taxdeferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 9734, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of ine for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining ine. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to twoine married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their ine tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 32 credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for ine tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and percent on varying levels of ine and for the taxation of social security ine if the taxpayer receives other ine over a certain level. In 2022 Congress enacted a major ine tax cut at the urging of President gee w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal ine tax rates across all levels of ine. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate 。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure…. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 31 industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。 loan amp。 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 28 參考文獻 [1] 曹宏深 ， 趙仲治 .塑料成型工藝及模具設計 [M].北京 ： 機械工業(yè)出版社 ， 1993． [2] 黃虹 .塑料成型加工與模具 [M].化學工業(yè)出版社 ， 2022. [3] 黃銳主編 .塑料工程 手冊 [M]下冊 .機械工業(yè)出版社 ， 1988． [4] 宋卓頤 ， 史勤芳 ， 房雙寬 等 .塑料原料與助劑 [J].科學技術文獻出版社 ， 2022. [5] 黃銳主 .塑料成型工藝學 [M].中國輕工業(yè)出版社 ， 1997. [6] 塑料模設計手冊（軟件版） [M].機械工業(yè)出版社 ， 2022. [7] 王文廣 ,田寶善 ,田雁晨 .塑料注射模具設計技巧與實例 [M].化學工業(yè)出版社 ， 2022. [8] 田春年 .塑料注射成型模具結(jié)構(gòu)設計圖冊 [M].北京 :輕工業(yè)出版社 ， 1998. [9] 單巖 .模具分析技術基礎 [M].清華大學出版社 ， 1993． [10] 單巖 .模具分析技術基礎 [M].清華大學出版社 ， 2022. [11] 陸寧 .實用注塑模具設計 [J].中國輕工業(yè)出版社 ， 1999. [12] 李德群 .塑料成型工藝及模具設計 [J].機械工業(yè)出版社 ， 1999. [13] 屈華昌 .塑料成型工藝與模具設計 [J].高等教育出版社 ， 2022. [14] Donggang Yao, Scaling Issues in Miniaturizaton of Injection Molded Parts Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering[J]. November 2022, [15] The Thickness Profile of UltraHigh Molecular Weight Polythene Films During Sequential Biaxial Drawing[J].Polymer Engineering and Science ,January 2022. [22] Jayaram S， Xu X Y， Cross J D． Highdividerratio Fastresponse Capacitive Dividers for Highvoltage Pulse Measurements [J]． IEEE Trans on Industry Applications， 2022， 36（ 3）：920922． 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 29 附 錄 模具總裝圖 圖 裝配圖 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 30 請刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。同時，各位小組成員在做畢業(yè)設計時，常常聚會討論，互相幫助，針對我的畢業(yè)設計中可能出現(xiàn)的問題，提出來很多有針對性的建議，在此也深表感謝。 玩具汽車外殼的模具設計 27 致 謝 在本次畢業(yè)設計中，特別感謝指導老師王鑫的指導和幫助，給予了我充分的信心和把握，讓我按時完成了本次設計。 在本次的模具設計和塑件的三維建模過程中我也遇