交大考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料(參考版)
2025-01-14 03:10本頁(yè)面
【正文】 He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at l。 She found it difficult to answer the question. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題很困難。 賓語(yǔ)從句 需注意的問(wèn)題 1） 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常在賓語(yǔ)從句處使用形式賓語(yǔ) it，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句移至句末： I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可用形式主語(yǔ) it 代替。 ? whether 一般多用于賓語(yǔ)從句的肯定式，而 if 引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式； ? 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提至謂語(yǔ)前面時(shí)，只能用 whether 引導(dǎo)。 Not a day went by but brought us bad news at that difficult time.=Not a day went by which did not bring us bad news at that difficult time. But 作關(guān)系代詞 But 作為關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，它同具有否定意義的主 句連用，其先行詞可以是人也可以是物，在意義上等于“ that/who/which… not‖. Not a day went by but brought us bad news at that difficult time.= Not a day went by which did not bring us bad news at that difficult time. There are few of us but admire your acplishments.= Exercises: 名詞性 從句 分類 引導(dǎo)詞 功能 連接詞 That, whether, if 只起連接作用，不作句子成分 關(guān)系代詞 Who, whom, whose, 既起連接作用，又擔(dān)任主 23 what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分 關(guān)系副詞 When, where, how, who 既起連接作用，又作狀語(yǔ) 1） 關(guān)系代詞 what 有時(shí)保留其原有的疑問(wèn)意義，作疑問(wèn)代詞表示“什么“；有時(shí)作雙重關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于 ―the thing that/ which‖。 What 在定語(yǔ)從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 That is the reason (why) I like her so much. 5) 當(dāng)先行詞是 way 且關(guān)系代詞在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 in which 或 that可以省略。 He is not the man (that) he used to be. 3) 在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)從句中，用作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 that/who/which 可以省略，there is 或 there has ever been 等結(jié)構(gòu)通常在定語(yǔ)從句中有 “目前有的，曾經(jīng)有的”之意。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的省略 1） 關(guān)系代詞 which, that, who, whom 在定語(yǔ)從句中直接作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。 3） 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 The old lady treats me as if/ as though I were her own son. It looks as if the weather may clear soon. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 So… that… Such… that… With the result that… So much so that… To the degree that… /to such a degree that… To the extent that… Alan likes hamburgers so much so that he eats them almost every day. Tom longs to visit the Great Wall, so much so that he dreams about it every day. The bad news upset me to the degree that/ to such a degree that/ to the extent that I couldn’t fall into sleep last night. So.. that So absorbed was he in the novel that he didn’t realize it was 8 o’clock already. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句： where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever he goes, he will bear what his mother says in his mind. Everywhere he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beautiful flower beds. 對(duì)比狀語(yǔ)從句： while, whereas The soles are leather, while the uppers are canvas. Distance inhibits the flow of ideas between countries whereas trade enhances it. Note: 狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略 當(dāng)時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 20 為 ‖be‖ 時(shí)，從句中的 “主語(yǔ) +be‖可省略，變成“連詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞 /過(guò)去分詞 /形容詞 /介詞短語(yǔ) /其他”結(jié)構(gòu)。 “ not+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí) +than是普通的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者，相當(dāng)于 not so...as... eg: This story is not more interesting than that one.(=This story is not so interesting as that one.) 18 Note: 注意比較從句中的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其需注意根據(jù)省略的主語(yǔ)來(lái)選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及時(shí) 態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（暗指 15 個(gè)雞蛋太少） eg: There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 籃子里至多有 15 個(gè)雞蛋。 I was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop. When it es to… 當(dāng) … .提及，涉及到 5. 表示時(shí)間先后的連詞 before 可表示條件意義，可譯作“只有 /必須 ??才能??”。 now that 3. 否定詞置于句首時(shí)需注意倒裝。 since。 scarcely… when/before。 it is the first/second time… 。 e. for all (that) 表示讓步概念， “ that‖可以省略，相當(dāng)于 ―in spite of‖或 ‖ in spite of the fact that‖, 其后可接短語(yǔ)或從句。 No matter what he says has nothing to do with me. (Wrong) 15 Whatever he says has nothing to do with me. (Right) The old man believes no matter what his son tells him. (Wrong) The old man believes whatever his son tells him.(Right) d. as/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句如果有要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分，通常將強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。 1. 狀語(yǔ)從句 1） 條件狀語(yǔ)從句： 通常由以下連詞及分詞引導(dǎo)： If Unless As long as So long as On condition that In the event that Provided/ providing Given that… Suppose/ supposing that Assuming that Say 特別提醒： 14 幾種不常用的條件狀語(yǔ)從句： In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first. Suppose it snowed, we would still go, Say what he said were true, what would you do about it? 2). 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其主要引導(dǎo)詞有： Though/although Even if/even though No matter+疑問(wèn)詞 疑問(wèn)詞+ever In spite of the fact that while Much as For all that As/though Granted/ granting (that) a. 幾種不常用的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a geniu
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