【正文】 se 2. 表示學(xué)科或疾病的名詞作主語 ,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 8 electronics, physics, diabetes, optics 等 3. and 連接兩個(gè)并列名詞作主語 and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞做主語，指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。 That singer and dancer ________ our evening party. A. are to attend B. is to attend C. were to attend D. have attended 4. trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它們與 a pair of 或 pairs of 連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與 pair 的數(shù)保持一致。 如： Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame. 、距離、度量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，被視作一 整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The New York Times is not available here. The United States was founded in 1776. 9 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語 以強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語的形式出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，謂語動(dòng)詞要能用兩種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞，用助動(dòng)詞 does 或 do ＋動(dòng)詞原形，如果謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，就用助動(dòng)詞 did＋動(dòng)詞原形。 例如： Tomorrow is my birthday. Please do e. You did say that yesterday. 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語以外的其他成分要用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： It + be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that＋句子其余部分 a. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，能 夠被強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語、狀語、賓語等，不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞、表語、補(bǔ)語、讓步狀語、條件狀語等。 例如 It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning. 10 It is our headteacher that/ who/whom we often turn to for help. c． 強(qiáng) 調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)， be 動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù) is/was 形式，如果原句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，就用 was。也可以用 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ be形式。一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，只需將 is/ was 提前，移至句首即可，即： Is/ Was it … that … 。 例如 Was it last year that the building was pleted？ Where was it that you met your English teacher？ It was the day before yesterday that you lost the money, wasn39。 例如 It was not until the class began that he came in. It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book. f. 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的人和物保持人稱、數(shù)的一致。 例如 It is I who am going to attend the meeting. It was I/me who cleaned the classroom. 11 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最容易與定語從句、主語從句 和狀語從句一起考查，應(yīng)是學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。 例如 It was a small house that I used to live in. (定語從句 ) It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） 倒裝 1. 具有否定意義的詞或短語出現(xiàn)句首且不 修飾主語時(shí)，句子一般部分倒裝 : not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only… but also 。 例如： Not only was he a poet, but also a singer. Not a single word was said. 2. 句首 only +狀語，部分倒裝。即當(dāng) ‖so (such)… that‖結(jié)構(gòu)中的 so 或 such 位于句首加強(qiáng)語氣時(shí)，應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。 4. so, often, only 等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時(shí) 5. 有些讓步狀語從句可以用 as 或 though 等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)通常為 ―形容詞 /副詞 /動(dòng)詞 /分詞 /名詞 + as /though +主語 +謂語 ‖，強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞或名詞等， 主語和謂語的順序沒有顛倒。 Needn’t have done Should have done Shouldn’t have done Ought to have done Could have done May/ might have done 2. shall 的特殊用法：在法律、條約、協(xié)定、條例等中表示義務(wù)與規(guī)定。 如： Nobody is allowed to be absent and all will be here before 7 o’clock. She won’t talk to me any more. Accident will happen. 4． Should 可用在某些特定的狀語從句中表示虛擬；還可表示驚訝、惋惜、失望、 13 懊悔、歡欣等情緒，是帶有“感情色彩”的特殊情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 cannot/ can scarcely… over(前綴為 over 的詞 )—無論 ,… 也不過分 從屬分句 (從句 ) 要點(diǎn) 從屬分句和復(fù)合句息息相關(guān)，密不可分。 要點(diǎn) 以語法功能作為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從屬分句可分為狀語分句、定語從句和名詞性分句。 要點(diǎn) 3 考點(diǎn)：狀語分句的考點(diǎn)集中在方式、條件、讓步、方式和狀語從句上； 定語從句的考點(diǎn)集中在關(guān)系代詞的選擇，限制 性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；名詞性分句的考點(diǎn)集中在賓語從句及同位語從句。 c. no matter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句，可用疑問詞 +ever 來引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。 Young as he was/ Child as he was, he could do some housework for his mother. 這種用法中，句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞， though 可以和 as 互換。 For all the fine words he may say to your face, he doesn’t like you at heart. 3） 時(shí)間狀語從句，其主要引導(dǎo)詞有： 表示“當(dāng) ?? 的時(shí)候” When, while, as, just as, next time, the last time, each time, every time, whenever 表示時(shí)間先后 Before, after 表示“一 ??就??” As soon as, once, hardly… when/ before, scarcely… when/ before, no sooner… than, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/ second/minute, 其他時(shí)間 By the time, it is the first/second time… , not… until, till, since, ever since 特別提醒 1. 集中不常用的時(shí)間狀語從句舉例： They went into action directly/ immediately/ instantly/ the moment they heard the 16 alarm. 2. 幾種需用完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句： by the time。 hardly… when/before。 no sooner… than。 ever since。 Hardly had he escaped when he was captured. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 4. when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果出現(xiàn)在后半句，可表示“這時(shí)突然 ?? ”之意。 New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted. 比較狀語從句 The more/les