【正文】 s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine39。 Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to bee pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。 本次設(shè)計能夠順利完成，首先我要感謝我的母校，是她為我提供了學(xué)習(xí)知識的土壤，使我們在這里茁壯成長；其次我要感謝土木工程系的老師們，他們不僅教會我們專業(yè)方面的知識，而且教會我們做人做事的道理；尤 其要感謝在本次設(shè)計中給與我大力支持和幫助的老師，每有問題，老師總是耐心的解答，使我能夠充滿熱情的投入到畢業(yè)設(shè)計中去；還要感謝我的實習(xí)單位的部分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；最后還要感謝相關(guān)資料的編著者和給與我支持的其他人士，因為有你們的幫助，才能有我本次論文的圓滿完成。在實際施工過程中，施工人員和監(jiān)理人員更應(yīng)加強(qiáng)認(rèn)識，慎重對待，從根本上杜絕模板支架安全事故的發(fā)生。 （ 5）本文從原材料選擇、施工方案、搭設(shè)質(zhì)量、構(gòu)造措施、施工組織與管理、信息化施工六個方面提出模板支撐體系安全控制方案。 （ 3）結(jié)合試驗研究和相關(guān)規(guī)范，確定了影響模板支架施工安全的指標(biāo)因素并給出各因素的安全水準(zhǔn)及計算方法。 第 19 頁 總結(jié) 本文立足于前人的研究和試驗成果，改進(jìn)方法，加強(qiáng)施工現(xiàn)場資料統(tǒng)計，并結(jié)合理論和試驗研究對扣件式鋼管高大模板支撐體系施工安全風(fēng)險管理進(jìn)行研究，主要研究成果： （ 1）通過對多次高支模體系安全事故進(jìn)行分析，將事故主要原因歸結(jié)為四個方面：原材料缺陷原因、設(shè)計方案缺陷原因、構(gòu)造因素缺陷原因、施工和管理缺陷原因。在管理上對大量存在的“習(xí)慣生安全隱患”熟識無睹，不注重細(xì)節(jié)的問題要避免。很多安全 事故都是由于管理者沒有管理好造成的，通過對高大模板支架工程坍塌事故的危險性、嚴(yán)重后果及其誘因的分析，深刻認(rèn)識到加強(qiáng)高大模板支架施工安全管理與控制工作的重要性。 施工組織及管理 施工組織與管理是控制模板支架安全的重要保證，對于一個項目來說合理的施工組織和管理將使得工作更順暢，更容易達(dá)到目標(biāo)。 構(gòu)造措施 模板支撐體系的構(gòu)造措施是保證 模板支架施工安全的額外保障，模板支架的 第 18 頁 設(shè)計是建立在比較理想狀態(tài)，把一些因素簡化，而且很多相關(guān)因素未加考慮，因 此，模板支撐體系的搭設(shè)安全僅靠計算是不夠的，還需要通過構(gòu)造措施去提高模 板支撐體系的安全裕度。 搭設(shè)質(zhì)量 搭設(shè)質(zhì)量直接影響模板支架的穩(wěn)定承載能力，搭設(shè)質(zhì)量高能起到事半功倍的 效果。施工方案的設(shè)計必須保證模板支撐體系有足夠的穩(wěn)定承載能力、剛度和穩(wěn)定性，除了滿足 承載力要求外，還要從構(gòu)造方面進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)。由于鋼管一般經(jīng)過多次周轉(zhuǎn)使用，本文建議在進(jìn)行立桿穩(wěn)定性驗算時，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場使用的鋼管的實際情況，對鋼管 f 值進(jìn)行折減，取 ～ 的調(diào)整系數(shù)。鋼管和扣件在進(jìn)場前應(yīng)先進(jìn)行檢查，彎曲嚴(yán)重和磨損較大的鋼管不得使用；嚴(yán)禁使用抗滑承載力不足、銹蝕嚴(yán)重、有裂縫、變形的扣件；滑絲的螺栓必須更換。首先要確保各種材料的質(zhì) 量，對于組成模板支架的主要材料：鋼管和扣件，由于它們都是各個施工現(xiàn)場反 復(fù)周轉(zhuǎn)使用，存在質(zhì)量缺陷是不可避免的，需要按實際情況考慮給予折減。因此，用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行高大模板支撐體系施工安全性預(yù)測是一 種良好的可行辦法。該方法只需要統(tǒng)計各指標(biāo)的數(shù)值，結(jié)合