【正文】 s best friend. Communication Norms Because the interpretation of the same municative acts, endowed justice and judgment are based on different norms of social behavior, people of different cultural backgrounds often misunderstand each other. Communication norm is a very important process of munication. From the munication point of view, it can be said that a munication norm is a proper munication mode. Identifying intercultural munication norms and paring the different social norms are two important factors intercultural munications. It should be noted that, in a culture a certain behavior is normative, but in another culture may be banned. In the conduct system, the taboo system is a very important part. Taboo refers to a violation of the social expectations, including words and actions. The contents of taboos vary depending on nations. In Western culture, hosts must dress neatly to receive guests, but it s not so important in Chinese culture. Overall, this phenomenon arises between a strong multicultural munication environment and a weak munication environmental culture. The socalled strong municative environment culture has more taboo rules and high implicit information. But the weak municative environment is opposite. Generally speaking, the Eastern countries, like China, Japan and Islamic countries, have a strong cultural municative environment. But European and American countries generally have a weak cultural municative environment. Communicating from weak to strong environmental culture, people tend to feel a lot of constraints. Pragmatic Transfer 江蘇科技大學外國語學院研究生課程論文 5 In intercultural munication, people often explain and evaluate culture phenomenon, things and other people39。 what is beautiful and what is ugly。s intention was that they would tell Stalin So that Stalin could make an appointment with him. But in the Soviet Union, people39。有了這些方法，來自世界不同文化背景的人們之間就能有更多的理解與和諧。交際障礙能否減少取決于人們能否更好地了解影響跨 文化交際的因素。在跨文化交際與合作中，文化沖突在所難免。 solutions 江蘇科技大學外國語學院研究生課程論文 II 交際障礙與應(yīng)對策略 跨文化交際的一次近觀 摘要 隨著跨文化交際的不斷發(fā)展，許多學者從言語，肢體言語和其他方面討論或研究措施，以便跨文化交際活動能夠更有效地進行。 pragmatic transfer。 value orientation。 外國語學院 2021 級 碩士研究生課程論文 學年、學期 2021/2021 學年第一學期 院 部 外 國 語 學 院 專 業(yè) 外國語言學及應(yīng)用語言學 課程名稱 跨文化交際學 姓 名 許 霞 學 號 132080012 任 課 教 師 方 小 勇 成 績 江蘇科技大學外國語學院研究生課程論文 I Barriers and Solutions A Closer Look at Intercultural Communication Abstract As the development of intercultural munication, many scholars discuss or approach intercultural munication from verbal, nonverbal and other perspectives which all make great contribution to intercultural munication. This paper intends to examine the barriers to intercultural munication. In the intercultural munication and cooperation, cultural conflicts often occur. Although the difference between different cultures is no substantial, it is found at all levels: thinking mode, value orientation, munication norms pragmatic transfer and prejudice. Better understanding those factors that affect the intercultural munication can help to diminish municative obstacles. Besides, the paper also explores some solutions of improving intercultural munication and overing the barriers. With these solutions, there will be more understanding and harmony between people from different cultures in the world. Key words: barriers。 thinking mode。 munication norms。 prejudice。本文擬就跨文化交際中存在的障礙進行討論。盡管不同文化之間的差異不是物質(zhì)存在的，它可以被發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有層面：思維模式，價值取向，交際規(guī)范，語用轉(zhuǎn)移和偏見等。另外，本文還將探討一些提高跨文化交際能力及克服其中障礙的方法。 關(guān)鍵字： 障礙；思維模式；價值取向；交際規(guī)范；語用轉(zhuǎn)移；偏見；方法 江蘇科技大學外國語學院研究生課程論文 III Contents Abstract (English) ................................................................................... I Abstract (Chinese) ................................................................................. II Contents ................................................................................................. III Ⅰ Introduction...................................................................................... 1 Ⅱ Barriers to Intercultural Communication ...................................... 1 Mode.............................................................................. 2 Value Orientation ......................................................................... 3 Communication Norms ................................................................ 4 Pragmatic Transfer ....................................................................... 4 Prejudice .........................................................................