【正文】 whereas a sym bol f unct ions li ke an im age but dif fer s fr om i t in goi ng beyond t he evocat ion of t he obj ect ive r ef erent by making t hat r ef ere nt suggest t o t he r eader a m eaning beyond it self . I n ot her words, a sysm bol i s an im age t hat evokes an obj ect ive, concret e re alit y, but t hen t hat r eal it y suggest s anot her l evel of m eaning di rect l y?！哆|寧沿海經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展規(guī)劃》中指出，“ **要依托石油、濕地等資源優(yōu)勢，推進資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型，加快發(fā)展特色per sonif y t he vani shi ng ar ist ocr acy of t he Sout h, sti l m ai nt ai ni ng a black ser vant and bei ng r ut hless bet rayed by a m oneym aki ng Yankee. Som et im es a par t of a char act er ?s body or an at ri but e may convey symboli c meani ng, f or exam pl e, a bal ef ul eye i n Edgar Al l an Poe? s “The Tel Tal e H eart .” 4. Sym bol used i n works of fi ct i on is t he sym bol i c act Anot her ki nd of sym bol monl y em pl oyed i n wor ks of f i ct ion i s t he sym boli c act : an act or a gest ur e wi t h l ar ger si gni fi cance t han i t s l it eral meani ng. Capt ai n Ahab i n Mel vi l e? s Moby Di ck del i ber at el y snaps hi s t obacco pi pe and t hr ows i t away bef ore set ing out i n pur sui t of t he huge whal e, a gestur e suggest ing t hat he i s det er mi ned t o t ake hi s r evenge and wi l l et not hi ng t o di str act him f rom it. Anot her t ypi cal sym boli c act i s the bur ni ng of t he barn by t he boy?s f at her i n Faul kner ?s “Barn Burni ng”: it i s an act of no m ere destr oyi ng a barn, but an expr essi on of his pr of ound spi te and hatr ed towar ds t hat cl ass of peopl e who have dr i ven his f am il y out of hi s l and. His hatr ed ext ends t o anyt hi ng he does not possess hi msel f and, beyond t hat , burni ng a bar n r ef l ects t he f at her ?s m em ori es of t he “wast e and extr avagance of war ” and t he “el em ent of fi re spoke t o some deep mai nspri ng” in hi s bei ng. 5. A sym bol i s a t rope I n a br oad l it er ar y sense, a sym bol i s a t rope t hat bines a li t er al and sensuous quali t y wit h an necessar y or suggest ive aspect. However, i n li ter ar y cri ti ci sm i t is necessar y t o disti ngui sh sym bol fr om i m age, m et aphor , and, especi al y, al egor y. An im age An im age is a l it er al and concret e represent at i on of a sensor y exper ience or of an obj ect that can be known by one or mor e of t he senses. I t is t he m eans by whi ch exper ience i n i ts r ichnes and em oti onal plexit y i s m uni cat ed. ( Holm an and Har mon, A Handbook to Li ter at ure, 1986) Im ages m ay be lit eral or fi gur ati ve, a l it er al i m age being one t hat i nvol ves no necessar y change or extensi on i n t he obvi ous m e ani ng of the wor ds. Pr ose wor ks ar e usual ly f ull of t hi s kind of im age. For exam pl e, novel s and st ori es by Conar d and Hem i ngway ar e not ed f or t he evocat i ve power of t heir l it er al i m ages. A fi gur ati ve i m age i s one t hat i nvol ves a “t urn” on t he li ter ar y m eaning of t he words. For exam pl e, in t he li nes “I t i s a beaut eous eveni ng, calm and f ree。鴨舌島 、遼河左岸濕地公園、遼濱水城、 溫泉養(yǎng)身休閑、濕地水上樂園等重點項目建設(shè)和設(shè)施配套正在實現(xiàn)新突破，以旅游大項目建設(shè)拉動相關(guān)經(jīng)濟的蓬勃發(fā)展，標志著 **市旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)正在轉(zhuǎn)型升級。 t hese need not be m ent al ?pict ures?, but m ay appeal t o senses ot her t han si ght . Im ages suggest i ng furt her m eani ngs and associati ons i n ways t hat go beyond t he f ai rl y si m pl e i denti fi cati ons of m etaphor and simi l e ar e oft en cal led symbols. The Fi ve Senses Respondi ng t o Im agi nat i ve l anguage Vi sual Im ager y: Im ager y of Sight Visual i mager y i s di f fer ent fr om vi sual per cept i on because visual per cepti on r equir es the object to be act ual y pr esent and visual i magery does not . Aural Im ager y: I m ager y of Sound Audi tor y im agery is something that r epresent s a sound, which can be reveal ed both i n poem s and st or i es. Olf act ory Imagery: I mager y of Smel Ol factory im agery st im ul ates the sense of smel , which olfact ion?s uni que cognit ive archit ect ure of evocat ion have led some to conclude t hat t her e is no capaci ty f or olf act or y i mager y. a. Self repor t s of ol factor y can resem bl e those obtained f or actual per cept ion. b. Im agi ng an odor can produce ef fects si mil ar t o actual per cepti on. c. Ol f act or y percepti on and m em ory—based im ages can inter act . 4. Tact il e Im ager y: I magery of Touch Tacti le i mager y sti mulates t he sense of touch, whi ch is also cal ed Hapt ic I magery. 5. Gustator y I mager y: I magery of Taste Gustator y i mager y sti mulates t he sense of t ast e. “ ?Have a di l pi ckle, ? he said. He want ed to share wi th us: That seemed to me so ri ght, so—you know what I mean?” From A Di l Pi ckl e by Katheri ne Mansfi el d 1生態(tài)旅游綜合開發(fā)項目可行性研究報告 第一章 總論 概論 **市委 、 市政府確立未來旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展目標：即 緊緊圍繞建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化生態(tài)城市的總體目標，樹立 **休閑度假旅游目的地形象，力爭 10年時間，將 **打造成為享譽世界的國際精品旅游區(qū)，最終建成“北國濕地休閑之都，國際生態(tài)旅游名城”。 som et hi ng i s seen as it s own t hi ng, di vor ced fr om t he bur den of represent ing anythi ng ot her t han it self . What Is I mage? “An ?i mage? i s t hat which represent s an int el ect ual and emot ional pl ex i n an i nst ant of ti me. ” (Ezra Pound) I n a St ati on of t he M et ro The appari ti on of these f aces i n t he crowd。 i t evokes an obj ect t hat suggest s t he m eani ng, wi t h t he em phasi s bei ng lai d on t he l at t er part . As Coleri dge sai d, “I t par takes of t he r eali ty whi ch it r ender s int el li gi ble. Met aphor A m etaphor i s an i m pl ied anal ogy im agi nat ively i dent if yi ng one object wit h anot her and ascr ibi ng to t he fi rst obj ect one or m or e of the qual it i es of t he second, or i nvest i ng t he fi rst wi th em ot ional or im agi nat i ve quali ti es associ at ed wit h t he second. I t is not an unm on lit er