【正文】 Protein Chemistry Postgraduate students‘ course CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Protein Chemistry Overview—Advances in Protein Chemistry General Concept of Protein Protein Functions Protein Structures The Building Blocks of Proteins Polypeptide Chain Conformation of Polypeptide Chain Protein Structure Biology Interactions of Protein with Other Molecules Protein Engineering Proteome and Proteomics International Journals and Websites Related to Protein Chemistry Chapter 2 Physicchemical Properties of Proteins Size and Shape of Protein Molecules The Charge Properties of Protein Molecules The Charge Properties of Amino Acids The Charge Properties of Protein Molecules Isoelectric Point of Proteins Electrophoresis Ion Exchange Colloid Property of Proteins Diffusion Viscosity Impermeability Precipitation Salting out and Salting in Basic and Acidic precipitation Organic Solventcaused precipitation Heavy metalcaused precipitation Interaction of Antibody and Antigen Others Colorformation of Proteins Spectroproperties of Proteins Ultraviolet absorption Fluorescence spectrum Circular Dichroism Spectrum Chapter 3 Methods for Characterization and Purification of Proteins Methods of Protein Characterization Solubility Reflects a Balance of ProteinSolvent Interaction Several Methods are Available for Determina tion of Gross Size and Shape Electrophoretic Methods are the Best Way to Analyze Mixtures Methods for Protein Purification Differential Centrifugation Subdivides Crude Extracts into Two or More Fractions Differential Precipitation is Based on Solubility Differences Column Procedures Are the Most Versatile Purification Methods Electrophoretic Methods are Used for Preparation and Analysis Purification of Specific Proteins Involves Combination of Different Procedures Chapter 4 The Building Blocks of ProteinsAmino Acids, Peptides, and Polypeptides Aminao acids Amino acids have both acid and base properties Aromatic amino acid absorb light in the near ultraviolet All amino acids except glycine show asymetry Peptides and polypeptides Determination of amino acid position of proteins Determination of amino acid sequence of proteins Chemical synthesis of peptides and polypeptides Chapter 5 The ThreeDimensional Structures of Proteins The information for folding is contained in the primary structure The Ramachadran Plot predicts sterically permissible strucutre Protein folding reveals a hierarchy of structural anization Two secondary structure are found in most proteins The ? helix The ? Sheet Pauling and Corey provided the foundation for understanding of fibrous protein structure Collagan forms a unique triplestranded structure In globular proteins, secondary structure element are connected in simple motifs The domain is the basic unit of tertiary structure The helixloophelix motif is the basic ponent found in ? domain structures ?/? domains exploit the ??? motif Antiparalle ? domains show a great variety of topologies Some proteins or domains require additional features to account for their stability Many proteins contain more than one domain Quaternary structure depends on the interaction of two or more proteins or protein subunits Predicting protein structure from protein prmary structure Methods for determing protein conformation Xray diffraction analysis of fibrous proteins Xray diffraction analysis of proteins crystals Nuclear magic resonance (NMR) plements Xray crystallography Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) and Circular Dichroism (CD) Chapter 6 Protein Structure Prediction Reference: ―Protein Structure Prediction A Practical Approach‖ edited by M J E Sternberg IRL Press Chapter 7 Protein Folding and Unfolding Kiic Analysis of Complex Reactions Kiics of Unfolding Kiics of Refolding Peptide bond isomerization Refolding in the absence of slow peptide bond isomerization The prefolded state The transition state for folding Folding Pathways Trapping intermediates with disulfides Disulfide folding pathway of BPTI Folding of large proteins Biosynthetic folding Basic methods Multiple phases and cispeptidylprolyl bonds Chapter 8 Stabilizing Protein Function Understanding Protein Stability Protein Stability and Its Measurement Introduction Protein Structure Definition and measurement of protein stability Folding stability Kiic stability Studies on Denaturation, Inactivation and Stabilizing Interactions Introduction Denaturation studies Detelerious chemical reactions in proteins Deamidation of asparagine residues Isomerization of prolines Destructive oxidation events Proteolytic processes Pro