【正文】
(b) if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to his habitual residence. Article 11A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses. Article 12Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article. Article 13For the purposes of this Convention writing includes telegram and telex. PART IIFORMATION OF THE CONTRACTArticle 14(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price. (2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal. Article 15(1) An offer bees effective when it reaches the offeree. (2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. Article 16(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. (2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: (a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable。 (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money。 United States Code Annotated, Title 15, Appendix (Supp. 1987). THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of a New International Economic Order, CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade, HAVE AGREED as follows: PART ISPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter ISPHERE OF APPLICATIONArticle 1(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: (a) when the States are Contracting States?! 。?本公約于1988年1月1日生效?! 。ǎ玻┩顺鲇诒9苋耸盏酵ㄖ保矀€月后的第1個月第1天起生效。本公約保管人應(yīng)與1964年兩公約的保管人荷蘭政府 進行協(xié)商,以確保在這方面進行必要的協(xié)調(diào)。應(yīng)按情況同時通知荷 蘭政府聲明退出《1964年海牙貨物銷售公約》或《1964年海牙訂立合同公約 》)或退出該兩公約?! 〉诰攀藯l 除本公約明文許可的保留外,不得作任何保留。根據(jù)第九十四條規(guī)定做出的相互單方面聲明,應(yīng)于保管人收到最后一份聲明之日起 6個月后的第1個月第1天生效?! 〉诰攀邨l ?。ǎ保└鶕?jù)本公約規(guī)定在簽字時做出的聲明,須在批準、接受或核準時加以確認 ?! 。ǎ玻儆诒竟s范圍的事項具有與一個或一個以上非締約國相同或非常近似 的法律規(guī)則的締約國,可隨時聲明本公約不適用于營業(yè)地在這些非締約國內(nèi)的當事人 之間的銷售合同,也不適用于這些合同的訂立?! 。ǎ常┤绻鶕?jù)按本條做出的聲明,本公約適用于締約國的一個或數(shù)個但不是全 部領(lǐng)土單位,而且一方當事人的營業(yè)地位于該締約國內(nèi),則為本公約的目的,該營業(yè) 地除非位于本公約適用的領(lǐng)土單位內(nèi),否則視為不在締約國內(nèi)?! 〉诰攀l (1)締約國可在簽字、批準、接受、核準或加入時聲明他不受本公約第二部分 的約束或不受本公約第三部分的約束?! 〉诰攀粭l (1)本公約在聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同會議閉幕會議上開放簽字,并在紐約聯(lián) 合國總部繼續(xù)開放簽字,直至1981年9月30日為止?! 。ǎ常┏鍪圬浳锏囊环疆斒氯耍袡?quán)從銷售所得收入中扣回為保全貨物和銷售貨 物而付的合理費用。如果買方根據(jù)本款規(guī)定收取貨物,他的權(quán)利和義務(wù)與上一款所 規(guī)定的相同?! 〉诎耸鶙l ?。ǎ保┤绻I方已收到貨物,但打算行使合同或本公約規(guī)定的任何權(quán)利,把貨物 退回,他必須按情況采取合理措施,以保全貨物。 第八十四條 ?。ǎ保┤绻u方有義務(wù)歸還價款,他必須同時從支付價款之日起支付價款利息?! 。ǎ玻┮讶炕蚓植柯男泻贤囊环?,可以要求另一方歸還他按照合同供應(yīng)的貨 物或支付的價款,如果雙方都須歸還,他們必須同時這樣做?! 。ǎ担┍緱l規(guī)定不妨礙任何一方行使本公約規(guī)定的要求損害賠償以外的任何權(quán)利 ?! 。ǎ玻┤绻斒氯瞬宦男辛x務(wù)是由于他所雇用履行合同的全部或一部分規(guī)定的第 三方不履行義務(wù)所致,該當事人只有在以下情況下才能免除責任: ?。ǎ幔┧凑丈弦豢畹囊?guī)定應(yīng)免除責任,和 ?。ǎ猓┘偃缭擁椀囊?guī)定也適用于他所雇用的人,這個人也同樣會免除責任?! 〉谄呤邨l 聲稱另一方違反合同的一方,必須按情況采取合理措施,減輕由于該另一方違反 合同而引起的損失,包括利潤方面的損失?! 〉谄呤鍡l 如果合同被宣告無效,而在宣告無效后一段合理時間內(nèi),買方已以合理方式購買 替代貨物,或者賣方已以合理方式把貨物轉(zhuǎn)賣,則要求損害賠償?shù)囊环娇梢匀〉煤贤 r格和替代貨物交易價格之間的差額以及按照第七十四條規(guī)定可以取得的任何其他損 害賠償。 (2)如果一方當事人不履行對任何一批貨物的義務(wù),使另一方當事人有充分理 由斷定對今后各批貨物將會發(fā)生根本違反合同,該另一方當事人可以在一段合理時間 內(nèi)宣告合同今后無效?! 〉谄呤l ?。ǎ保┤绻诼男泻贤掌谥?,明顯看出一方當事人將根本違反合同,另一方 當事人可以宣告合同無效?! 〉谖逭?賣方和買方義務(wù)的一般規(guī)定 第一節(jié) 預(yù)期違反合同和分批交貨合同 第七十一條 ?。ǎ保┤绻喠⒑贤螅硪环疆斒氯擞捎谙铝性蝻@然將不履行其大部分重要 義務(wù),一方當事人可以中止履行義務(wù): ?。ǎ幔┧男辛x務(wù)的能力或他的信用有嚴重缺陷;或 ?。ǎ猓┧跍蕚渎男泻贤蚵男泻贤械男袨椤! 〉诹艞l (1)在不屬于第六十七條和第六十八條規(guī)定的情況下,從買方接收貨物時起, 或如果買方不在適當時間內(nèi)這樣做,則從貨物交給他處置但他不收取貨物從而違反合 同時起,風險移轉(zhuǎn)到買方承擔?! 。ǎ玻┑?,在貨物以貨物上加標記、或以裝運單據(jù)、或向買方發(fā)出通知或其它 方式清楚地注明有關(guān)合同以前,風險不移轉(zhuǎn)到買方承擔?! 〉谒恼?風險移轉(zhuǎn) 第六十六條 貨物在風險移轉(zhuǎn)到買方承擔后遺失或損壞,買方支付價款的義務(wù)并不因此解除, 除非這種遺失或損壞是由于賣方的行為或不行為所造成?! 。ǎ玻┑?,如果買方已支付價款,賣方就喪失宣告合同無效的權(quán)利,除非: (a)對于買方遲延履行義務(wù),他在知道買方履行義務(wù)前這樣做;或者 ?。ǎ猓τ谫I方遲延履行義務(wù)以外的任何違反合同事情: ?。ㄒ唬┧谝阎阑蚶響?yīng)知道這種違反合同后一段合理時間內(nèi)這樣做;或 ?。ǘ┧谫u方按照第六十三條第(1)款規(guī)定的任何額外時間滿期后或在買方 聲明他將不在這一額外時間內(nèi)履行義務(wù)后一段合理時間內(nèi)這樣做?! 〉诹龡l (1)賣方可以規(guī)定一段合理時限的額外時間,讓買方履行義務(wù)。 第三節(jié) 買方違反合同的補救辦法 第六十一條 ?。ǎ保┤绻I方不履行他在合同和本公約中的任何義務(wù),賣方可以: ?。ǎ幔┬惺沟诹l至第六十五條所規(guī)定的權(quán)利; (b)按照第七十四至第七十七條的規(guī)定,要求損害賠償?! 。ǎ玻┤绻贤婕暗截浳锏倪\輸,賣方可以在支付價款后方可把貨物或控制貨 物處置權(quán)的單據(jù)移交給買方作為發(fā)運貨物的條件。 第五十七條 ?。ǎ保┤绻I方?jīng)]有義務(wù)在任何其它特定地點支付價款,他必須在以下地點向賣 方支付價款: ?。ǎ幔┵u方的營業(yè)地;或者 ?。ǎ猓┤鐟{移交貨物或單據(jù)支付價款,則為移交貨物或單據(jù)的地點?! 〉谌?買方的義務(wù) 第五十三條 買方必須按照合同和本公約規(guī)定支付貨物價款和收取貨物?! 。ǎ玻┵I方只有在完全不交付貨物或不按照合同規(guī)定交付貨物等于根本違反合同 時,才可以宣告整個合同無效?! 。ǎ玻┑?,如果賣方已交付貨物,買方就喪失宣告合同無效的權(quán)利,除非: ?。ǎ幔τ谶t延交貨,他在知道交貨后一段合理時間內(nèi)這樣做; (b)對于遲延交貨以外的任何違反合同事情: ?。ㄒ唬┧谝阎阑蚶響?yīng)知道這種違反合同后一段合理時間內(nèi)這樣做;或 ?。ǘ┧谫I方按照第四十七條第(1)款規(guī)定的任何額外時間滿期后,或在賣 方聲明他將不在這一額外時間履行義務(wù)后一段合理時間內(nèi)這樣做;或 ?。ㄈ┧谫u方按照第四十八條第(2)款指明的任何額外