【正文】 ）如果當(dāng)事人不履行義務(wù)是由于他所雇用履行合同的全部或一部分規(guī)定的第　　三方不履行義務(wù)所致，該當(dāng)事人只有在以下情況下才能免除責(zé)任：　?。ǎ幔┧凑丈弦豢畹囊?guī)定應(yīng)免除責(zé)任，和　?。ǎ猓┘偃缭擁?xiàng)的規(guī)定也適用于他所雇用的人，這個(gè)人也同樣會(huì)免除責(zé)任。　?。ǎ玻┮讶炕蚓植柯男泻贤囊环?，可以要求另一方歸還他按照合同供應(yīng)的貨　　物或支付的價(jià)款，如果雙方都須歸還，他們必須同時(shí)這樣做。　　第八十六條　?。ǎ保┤绻I方已收到貨物，但打算行使合同或本公約規(guī)定的任何權(quán)利，把貨物　　退回，他必須按情況采取合理措施，以保全貨物?！　。ǎ常┏鍪圬浳锏囊环疆?dāng)事人，有權(quán)從銷售所得收入中扣回為保全貨物和銷售貨　　物而付的合理費(fèi)用?！　〉诰攀l　?。ǎ保┚喖s國(guó)可在簽字、批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)或加入時(shí)聲明他不受本公約第二部分　　的約束或不受本公約第三部分的約束?！　。ǎ玻?duì)屬于本公約范圍的事項(xiàng)具有與一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上非締約國(guó)相同或非常近似　　的法律規(guī)則的締約國(guó)，可隨時(shí)聲明本公約不適用于營(yíng)業(yè)地在這些非締約國(guó)內(nèi)的當(dāng)事人　　之間的銷售合同，也不適用于這些合同的訂立。根據(jù)第九十四條規(guī)定做出的相互單方面聲明，應(yīng)于保管人收到最后一份聲明之日起　?。秱€(gè)月后的第１個(gè)月第１天生效。應(yīng)按情況同時(shí)通知荷　　蘭政府聲明退出《１９６４年海牙貨物銷售公約》或《１９６４年海牙訂立合同公約　　》）或退出該兩公約?！　。ǎ玻┩顺鲇诒９苋耸盏酵ㄖ保矀€(gè)月后的第１個(gè)月第１天起生效。 United States Code Annotated, Title 15, Appendix (Supp. 1987). THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of a New International Economic Order, CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade, HAVE AGREED as follows: PART ISPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter ISPHERE OF APPLICATIONArticle 1(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: (a) when the States are Contracting States。 (b) if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to his habitual residence. Article 11A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses. Article 12Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article. Article 13For the purposes of this Convention writing includes telegram and telex. PART IIFORMATION OF THE CONTRACTArticle 14(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price. (2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal. Article 15(1) An offer bees effective when it reaches the offeree. (2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. Article 16(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. (2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: (a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable。 (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money?！　。?本公約于１９８８年１月１日生效。本公約保管人應(yīng)與１９６４年兩公約的保管人荷蘭政府　　進(jìn)行協(xié)商，以確保在這方面進(jìn)行必要的協(xié)調(diào)?！　〉诰攀藯l　　除本公約明文許可的保留外，不得作任何保留。　　第九十七條　?。ǎ保└鶕?jù)本公約規(guī)定在簽字時(shí)做出的聲明，須在批準(zhǔn)、接受或核準(zhǔn)時(shí)加以確認(rèn)　　?！　。ǎ常┤绻鶕?jù)按本條做出的聲明，本公約適用于締約國(guó)的一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)但不是全　　部領(lǐng)土單位，而且一方當(dāng)事人的營(yíng)業(yè)地位于該締約國(guó)內(nèi)，則為本公約的目的，該營(yíng)業(yè)　　地除非位于本公約適用的領(lǐng)土單位內(nèi)，否則視為不在締約國(guó)內(nèi)?！　〉诰攀粭l　?。ǎ保┍竟s在聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同會(huì)議閉幕會(huì)議上開放簽字，并在紐約聯(lián)　　合國(guó)總部繼續(xù)開放簽字，直至１９８１年９月３０日為止。如果買方根據(jù)本款規(guī)定收取貨物，他的權(quán)利和義務(wù)與上一款所　　規(guī)定的相同?！　〉诎耸臈l　?。ǎ保┤绻u方有義務(wù)歸還價(jià)款，他必須同時(shí)從支付價(jià)款之日起支付價(jià)款利息?！　。ǎ担┍緱l規(guī)定不妨礙任何一方行使本公約規(guī)定的要求損害賠償以外的任何權(quán)利　　?！　〉谄呤邨l　　聲稱另一方違反合同的一方，必須按情況采取合理措施，減輕由于該另一方違反　　合同而引起的損失，包括利潤(rùn)方面的損失?！　。ǎ玻┤绻环疆?dāng)事人不履行對(duì)任何一批貨物的義務(wù)，使另一方當(dāng)事人有充分理　　由斷定對(duì)今后各批貨物將會(huì)發(fā)生根本違反合同，該另一方當(dāng)事人可以在一段合理時(shí)間　　內(nèi)宣告合同今后無效。　　第五章 賣方和買方義務(wù)的一般規(guī)定　　第一節(jié) 預(yù)期違反合同和分批交貨合同　　第七十一條　?。ǎ保┤绻喠⒑贤?，另一方當(dāng)事人由于下列原因顯然將不履行其大部分重要　　義務(wù)，一方當(dāng)事人可以中止履行義務(wù)：　?。ǎ幔┧男辛x務(wù)的能力或他的信用有嚴(yán)重缺陷；或　　（ｂ）他在準(zhǔn)備履行合同或履行合同中的行為?！　。ǎ玻┑?，在貨物以貨物上加標(biāo)記、或以裝運(yùn)單據(jù)、或向買方發(fā)出通知或其它　　方式清楚地注明有關(guān)合同以前，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不移轉(zhuǎn)到買方承擔(dān)?！　。ǎ玻┑?，如果買方已支付價(jià)款，賣方就喪失宣告合同無效的權(quán)利，除非：　?。ǎ幔?duì)于買方遲延履行義務(wù)，他在知道買方履行義務(wù)前這樣做；或者　?。ǎ猓?duì)于買方遲延履行義務(wù)以外的任何違反合同事情：　　（一）他在已知道或理應(yīng)知道這種違反合同后一段合理時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣做；或　　（二）他在賣方按照第六十三條第（１）款規(guī)定的任何額外時(shí)間滿期后或在買方　　聲明他將不在這一額外時(shí)間內(nèi)履行義務(wù)后一段合理時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣做。　　第三節(jié) 買方違反合同的補(bǔ)救辦法　　第六十一條　?。ǎ保┤绻I方不履行他在合同和本公約中的任何義務(wù)，賣方可以：　　（ａ）行使第六十二條至第六十五條所規(guī)定的權(quán)利；　?。ǎ猓┌凑盏谄呤闹恋谄呤邨l的規(guī)定，要求損害賠償。　　第五十七條　?。ǎ保┤绻I方?jīng)]有義務(wù)在任何其它特定地點(diǎn)支付價(jià)款，他必須在以下地點(diǎn)向賣　　方支付價(jià)款：　?。ǎ幔┵u方的營(yíng)業(yè)地；或者　?。ǎ猓┤鐟{移交貨物或單據(jù)支付價(jià)款，則為移交貨物或單據(jù)的地點(diǎn)。　?。ǎ玻┵I方只有在完全不交付貨物或不按照合同規(guī)定交付貨物等于根本違反合同　　時(shí)，才可以宣告整個(gè)合同無效。買方不得　　在該段時(shí)間內(nèi)采取與賣方履行義務(wù)相抵觸的任何補(bǔ)救辦法。　?。ǎ常┤绻浳锊环贤I方可以要求賣方通過修理對(duì)不符合同之處做出補(bǔ)救　　，除非他考慮了所有情況之后，認(rèn)為這樣做是不合理的。　　第四十三條　?。ǎ保┵I方如果不在已知道或理應(yīng)知道第三方的權(quán)利或要求后一段合理時(shí)間內(nèi)，　　將此一權(quán)利或要求的性質(zhì)通知賣方，就喪失援引第四十一條或第四十二條規(guī)定的權(quán)利　　?！　。ǎ常┤绻浳镌谶\(yùn)輸途中改運(yùn)或買方須再發(fā)運(yùn)貨物，沒有合理機(jī)會(huì)加以檢驗(yàn)，　　而賣方在訂立合同時(shí)已知道或理應(yīng)知道這種改運(yùn)或再發(fā)運(yùn)的可能性，檢驗(yàn)可推遲到貨　　物到達(dá)新目的地后進(jìn)行?！　。ǎ玻┏p方當(dāng)事人業(yè)已另有協(xié)議外，貨物除非符合以下規(guī)定，否則即為與合同　　不符：　　（ａ）貨物適用于同一規(guī)格貨物通常使用的目的；　?。ǎ猓┴浳镞m用于訂立合同時(shí)曾明示或默示地通知賣方的任何特定目的，除非情　　況表明買方并不依賴賣方的技能和判斷力，或者這種依賴對(duì)他是不合理的；　?。ǎ悖┴浳锏馁|(zhì)量與賣方向買方提供的貨物樣品或樣式相同；　?。ǎ洌┴浳锇凑胀愗浳锿ㄓ玫姆绞窖b箱或包裝，如果沒有此種通用方式，則按　　照足以保全和保護(hù)貨物的方式裝箱或包裝?！　〉谌l　?。ǎ保┤绻u方按照合同或本公約的規(guī)定將貨物交付給承運(yùn)人，但貨物沒有以貨　　物上加標(biāo)記、或以裝運(yùn)單據(jù)或其它方式清楚地注明有關(guān)合同，賣方必須向買方發(fā)出列　　明貨物的發(fā)貨通知?！　〉诙鶙l　　宣告合同無效的聲明，必須向另一方當(dāng)事人發(fā)出通知，方始有效。　?。ǎ玻┰谟?jì)算接受期間時(shí)，接受期間內(nèi)的正式假日或非營(yíng)業(yè)日應(yīng)計(jì)算在內(nèi)。對(duì)口頭發(fā)價(jià)必須立即接受，但情況有別者不在此限。　　第十五條　?。ǎ保┌l(fā)價(jià)于送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人時(shí)生效?！　〉谑畻l　　為本公約的目的：　?。ǎ幔┤绻?dāng)事人有一