【正文】 21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚飯 have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐 22. plenty of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞 許多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他們有許多的食物 /蘋果。 17. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借來某物 如： I borrowed a book from Lily. 我從莉莉那里借來一本書。 12. help with sth. 如： They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如： They help you relax. 他們幫助你放松 13. in public 在公共場(chǎng)所 如 : Don‘t smoke in public. 請(qǐng)不要在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。 ? few 少數(shù)的 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little 少數(shù)的 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 但兩者表否定意義 如： He has few friends. 他沒有幾個(gè)朋友。 (事實(shí)上我現(xiàn)在沒有時(shí)間 ) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)帶上雨傘。 sb to do sth 允許某人做? allow doing sth 允許做? silly foolish 三個(gè)詞都有“蠢”的意思 .但略有不同 .stupid 程度最強(qiáng) ,指智力 理解力 學(xué)習(xí)能力差 . silly 指頭腦簡(jiǎn)單 ,傻頭傻腦 ,使人覺得可笑 ,帶有感情色彩 . foolish 尤其在口語中廣泛使用 . 例 : He is stupid in learning math. 他學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)很笨 . Stop asking such silly questions. 別再問這 樣傻的問題了 . You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢 ,丟掉這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì) . doesn‘t seem to have many friends. =It seems that he doesn‘t have many friends. =He seems not to have many friends. (v.) 打掃 ,清理 clean up 比較徹底地打掃 ,清理 clean out 打掃 ,清理地最徹底 . on? 全神貫注做? 例 : He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam. This pany concentrates on China market. 這家公司把重點(diǎn)放在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上 . 40. more? than?①與其說?不如說? 。 31. 對(duì) … 熱衷， 對(duì) … 興趣 be serious about doing 如： She is serious about dancing. 她對(duì)跳舞熱衷。 19. both… and… +動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向誰學(xué)習(xí) (什么 ) 如： Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英語老 師學(xué)習(xí)英語 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做某事 如： I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 22. at present 目前 23. at least 最少 at most 最多 24. 花費(fèi) take ,cost, spend , pay It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend … doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 25. have +時(shí)間段 +off 放假，休息 如： have 2 days off off 不工作 ,不上班 ,不上學(xué) ,不值班 . 例 : I think I’ ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班 . She is off today. 她今天休息 . I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假 . They haven’ t had a day off since last week. 從上周來 ,他們沒休息過一天 . 26. reply to 答復(fù)某人 如： She replayed to MrGreen. 27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如： I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如： I agree to LiLei. 28. get in the way of 礙事，妨礙 如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會(huì)生活妨礙了她的學(xué)習(xí)。 10. clean up 打掃 整理 如： I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經(jīng)打掃完了臥室。 : 由 so＋助動(dòng)詞 (be/do/will/have)/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語 意為： … 也是一樣 Neither/Nor + be 動(dòng)詞 /助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語 (前為否定 ) 表示與前面所述事實(shí)一致 . She is a student. So am I. 她是一個(gè)學(xué)生，我也是。 She is old enough to go to 。 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí) am are +過去分詞 is English is spoken in many countries. 一般 過去 時(shí) was +過去分詞 were + 過去分詞 This bridge was built in 1989. 情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 can/should may +be+過去分詞 must/…… The work must be done right now. ③ 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 44. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 如： My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。 … can‘t /couldn‘t afford to do sth. can‘t / couldn‘t afford sth. 如： I can‘t/couldn‘t afford to buy the car. I can‘t/couldn‘t afford the car. 我買不起這個(gè)輛小車。 She helped me (to) study English。如： The question is when to start. 問題是什么時(shí)候開始。 (home 的前面不能用 to) 26. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有 hard 困難的；猛烈地 hardly ever 很少 hardly 修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常放在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義 動(dòng)詞之前 助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ hardly hardly + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 如： I can hardly understand them. 我?guī)缀醪荒軌蛎靼姿麄儭? 23. worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人 /某事 worry 是動(dòng)詞 be worried about sb./sth. 擔(dān)心某人 /某事 worried 是形容詞 如： Don‘t worry about him. 不用擔(dān)心他。 no longer (用在 句中 )=not? any longer (用在句尾 ) 指時(shí)間 . 9. right: ① adj. 正確的 , 右邊的② n. 右方 , 權(quán)利③ adv. 直接地 . 10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot. 11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與 can, be able to 連用 . 例 : Can you afford a new car? The film couldn‘t afford to pay such large salaries. 12. as well as 連詞 , 不但?而且? 強(qiáng)調(diào)前者 . (若引導(dǎo)主語 , 謂動(dòng)與前者在人稱和數(shù)上一致 例 : Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水 , 還需要空氣和陽光 . I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅是他們 , 我也愿意幫助你 . 13. alone = by oneself 獨(dú)自一人 . lonely 孤獨(dú)的 , 寂寞的 . 14. in the last/past + 一段時(shí)間 during the last/past + 一段時(shí)間 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用 . 15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的 ) 16. play the piano 彈鋼琴 17. ① be/ bee interested in sth. 對(duì) … 感興趣 ② be interested in doing sth. 對(duì)做 … 感興趣 ③ show great interest in 在??方面產(chǎn)生極大的興趣 ④ a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest 如： He is interested in math, but he isn‘t interested in speaking English. 他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣，但是他對(duì)說英語不感興趣。 do we deal with our problem? 我們?cè)鯓犹幚砦覀兊膯栴}？ is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老師的幫 助下盡我們最大的努力來應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)是我們的責(zé)任。 ’ s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異于這些方法竟如此有用。 5. Wei Ming feels differently. 衛(wèi)明有不同的感受。 49. with the help of sb. == with one‘s help 在某人的幫助下 如： with the help of LiLei == with LiLei‘s help 在李雷的幫助下 50. pare … to … 把 … 與 … 相比 如： Compare you to Anna, you are ，你是幸運(yùn)的。 42. perhaps === maybe 也許 43. go by (時(shí)間 ) 過去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過去了。 句中的 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 to study English 37. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她經(jīng)常練習(xí)說英語 。 31. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如： Don‘t laugh at me!不要取笑我 ! 32. take notes 做筆記，做記錄 33. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做?樂意做? 如