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also can create value for customers. 工商企業(yè)選擇合適的第三方物流服務(wù)提供商,首先需要準確界定自身的物流需求,然后選擇能夠滿足企業(yè)需求和目標的提供商,最后對提供商進行關(guān)系管理和績效評估。 and Procter Gamble Company makes PGL logistics service levels continue to improve, being the third party logistics enterprises in the domestic leading. 寶潔公司針對自身需求選擇寶供作為第三方物流服務(wù)提供商,開展了合作伙伴關(guān)系,在這種合作模式下,實現(xiàn)了“雙贏”的目標。 With the business growth of Procter Gamble Company in China, substantially increase in warehouse storage requirements, PGL’s good operational performance got the identity from Procter Gamble, who gave its further outsourcing storage business to PGL. of logistics. 針對寶潔公司的物流需求,寶供規(guī)劃設(shè)計和實施物流管理系統(tǒng),優(yōu)化業(yè)務(wù)流程,整合物流供應(yīng)鏈,以“量身定做、一體化運作、個性化服務(wù)”模式滿足寶潔公司的個性化需求,提高物流的可靠性,降低物流總成本。雙方的初步合作取得了相當好的成效,寶供幫助寶潔公司在一年內(nèi)節(jié)省成本達 600萬美元,寶潔公司高質(zhì)量高標準的物流服務(wù)需求也極大提高了寶供的服務(wù)水平。于是,寶潔公司將物流需求建議書提交給寶供,對寶供的物流能力和服務(wù)水平進行試探性考察。根據(jù)物流服務(wù)需求和服務(wù)要求,進入寶潔公司視野的物流企業(yè)主要有兩類:占據(jù)物流行業(yè)主導地位的國有企業(yè)和民營儲運企業(yè)。 1992年,寶潔公司進入中國市場,并在廣東地區(qū)建立了大型生產(chǎn)基地。 Conversely if logistics is not vital to strategy and the firm has a team of petent personnel in distribution, sourcing a partner who does not possess the necessary skills may prove beneficial for the same reasons described above. Figure 30:Selection Diagran of where to Perform Logistics Activities. Source: Business Logistics/Supply Chain Management . 四、案例分析與總結(jié) Case Study And Summary 對于企業(yè)來說,到底是選擇內(nèi)部物流還是第三方物流需要綜合考慮各方面因素來決定。因此,他們把物流外包給多個第三方供應(yīng)商。阿斯達就是這樣一個公司 ,由于其優(yōu)越的供應(yīng)渠道 ,所以有這些特點。Peters et al,1998) 表 29: 企業(yè)為什么選擇承包其的配送經(jīng)營的主要原因(來源 :PE咨詢1996。 Retain plete control over all areas of the business. 保持控制成本(不需要將成本之上的利潤支付給第三方)。 Lack of internal expertise in vehicle operations. 無法優(yōu)化用在運輸上的波峰和波谷的交易模式。 There are many reasons why an anization decides whether to keep its distribution operation inhouse, or contract it out to a third party service provider. 選擇第三方的原因 Reasons to Choose a Third Party 減少成本:通過外包業(yè)務(wù),識別相關(guān)成本。結(jié)果顯示,服務(wù)是最重要的因素。然而,這么多在使用的系統(tǒng)中,他們并不總是兼容。范圍涵蓋了提供專用或獨家經(jīng)銷,所有的配送都是由第三方運營商,有時候可能只可用于在不規(guī)則的時間間隔內(nèi)的配送。 To keep control of costs : not having to pay the third party a profit margin on top of the costs ●對客戶的分布保持直接的聯(lián)系 To keep a direct link in distribution with customers ●貿(mào)易物流,是建立在一個單一的交易或一系列個別交易之上的關(guān)系的物流。歐洲的平均水平超過 25%。因此,第三方物流應(yīng)運而生了。 但是,也有很多企業(yè)選擇內(nèi)部物流,而不是選擇第三方物流。英國, %,擁有比例最高的外包工作。 Transaction logistics, where the relationship is built on a single transaction or a series of individual transactions. ●合同物流,是以契約形式為導向,依賴于第三方供應(yīng)商,來滿足公司所定義的績效目標的明確定義的關(guān)系。 There are a number of different types of thirdparty distribution operation available. The range spans dedicated or exclusive distribution where all the distribution is provided by a third party operator, to occasional use where a third party may only be used at irregular intervals 第三方物流的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動因素 Key Drivers for Third Party Distribution 決定是否使用第三方物流或使用內(nèi)部物流有許多優(yōu)點和缺點。同樣,組織必須確保系統(tǒng)有足夠的資源,以應(yīng)付額外的工作。 Surveys are undertaken on a regular basis to try to identify what the critical factors are in a user’s choice of a third party distribution pany. Service es out as the most important factor. 成本,盡管非常重要的,卻排第三位,而客戶所體驗的質(zhì)量成為了第二個最重要的因素。 To reduce costs: by contracting the operation out, it is easier to identify associated costs. 集中資源于企業(yè)的核心能力上。 The inability to optimize transport use during peaks and troughs in trading patterns. 避免法律責任。 To keep control of costs( Not having to pay the third party a profit margin on top of the costs) . 在配送方面保持與顧客的直接聯(lián)系。Peters等人 ,1998年 ) 決定是否保持內(nèi)部配送或使用第三方提供商,需要平衡以下兩方面的因素:物流對于企業(yè)成功的重要性,企業(yè)在物流功能的管理上是否具備足夠的能力。 A pany that has high customer service requirements , significant logistics costs as a proportion of total costs, and an efficient logistics operation administered by petent personnel will likely decide to keep distribution inhouse. Asda is a pany that, because of its superior supply channel, has these characteristics. 對于那些不把物流作為中心戰(zhàn)略,并在公司內(nèi)部不具備高層次能力,把物流外包給第三方供應(yīng)商的組織提供了降低成本和通過更好的客戶服務(wù),提高客戶滿意度的機會。 An example of such ananization is Dell sees manufacturing and mark