【正文】 5）“對(duì)象”窗口中，單擊確定。對(duì)象2 IGS和幾何窗口中按OK。這個(gè)對(duì)象將默認(rèn)為2。第三種方法是使用從上一步的結(jié)果作為初始猜測(cè)。 DEFORM?使用牛頓Rapson解決的彈塑性材料的變形，這兩種方法，初步猜測(cè)是必需的。 18）按OK初始化元素窗口，然后按OK元素的窗口。將該值設(shè)置為1，并單擊OK按鈕。值，VOLFC，是對(duì)象的一個(gè)特定階段的體積分?jǐn)?shù)。 ：熱交換邊界條件的齒輪齒節(jié) 單擊“默認(rèn)圖標(biāo)和設(shè)定溫度20℃和Atom％（重量百分比）。 ：齒輪齒節(jié)速度邊界條件。14）材料圖標(biāo)上點(diǎn)擊帶來的選材窗口。 （）。設(shè)置厚度元素4和3元素之間的最大尺寸比。5）單擊“檢查幾何體”按鈕，以確保該幾何是復(fù)合規(guī)定的。我們需要裝載工件的幾何形狀和創(chuàng)建它的網(wǎng)。需要設(shè)置的參數(shù)所需的最高溫度的變化，最大允許時(shí)間步長(zhǎng)和允許的最小時(shí)間步長(zhǎng)。15）在模擬控制加工條件按鈕窗口和設(shè)置環(huán)境溫度為850 C。12）現(xiàn)在點(diǎn)擊高級(jí)步控制...修改仿真加強(qiáng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。8）加強(qiáng)應(yīng)執(zhí)行時(shí)間（dtmax下降），2秒，每步的速度。3）更改對(duì)象的幾何平面應(yīng)變4）打開變形，轉(zhuǎn)化和傳熱。這將為未來三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的所有材料的性能。附錄附錄一：英文科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯英文全文8. Modeling of a Heating Operation with Transformation.. Creating a New ProblemCreate a directory called Transform, change to that directory. Change theProblem ID to Transform. Click on the PreProcessor button and enter the PreProcessor to define your simulation data.. Loading the Material PropertiesGo to the File option in the menu bar and load in the keyword file,. This will provide you with all the material properties for the next three labs.. Setting Simulation ControlsClick on the Simulation Control icon in the Controls window. Set the following parameters:1) Change the Operation Name to Heating.2) Change the units to SI.3) Change the object geometry to Plane Strain4) Turn on Deformation, Transformation and Heat Transfer.5) Click on the Stopping Steps controls button and change the number of steps to 2000.6) The step increment to save should be set to 10.7) The PDIE(1) value should be set to 1.8) Stepping should be performed by Time (DTMAX) and a rate of 2 seconds per step.9) Click on the Stopping Controls Tab.10) TMAX should be set to 3600 seconds.11) Click on the Step Controls Tab.12) Now click on the Advanced Step Controls… to modify the stepping criteria of the simulation. Change the temperature change per step to 5 C and the Temperature change time step to a range of 2 s and 20 s.13) The Step Definition should be changed to “temperature based” by selecting the Temp option in the radio button.14) Press Ok in the Advanced Step Controls window, press Ok in the Stopping and Step Controls window.15) Click on the Processing Conditions button in the Simulations Controlswindow and set the Environment temperature to 850 C.16) Set the value of the Convection Coefficient to N/(s*mm*C).17) Press Ok in the Processing Conditions window and press Ok in theSimulation Controls window.Question: What is “temperature based” stepping?This is a method by which the time step size is determined by using thecalculated temperature gradient from the previous step to estimate a user defined maximum temperature change. The parameters that need to be set are the desired maximum temperature change, the largest allowable time step size and the smallest allowable time step size. Also, the Step Definition needs to bechanged to Temp in order that the first step of the simulation DTMAX iscalculated while the rest of steps are determined from the temperature field.. Creating New ObjectsObject 1:At this point, the user will insert all the objects required for thissimulation.1) Click on the Objects button in the Control window.We need to load the work piece geometry and create a mesh for it.2) Change the Object name to Gear Tooth.3) Click on the Geometry button in the Objects window and load theIGES file .4) After the gear tooth has been loaded reverse the geometry to make itcounterclockwise.5) Click on the Check Geometry button to ensure that the geometry islegal.6) Click Ok in the Geometry window.7) After this, click on the Mesh icon in the Objects window.Set the number of mesh elements to 500 and adjust the weighting factor for the meshing such that boundary curvature has a weighting factor of 1 while leaving the other weighting factors unchanged. Set the number of thickness elements 4 and the maximum size ratio between elements 3.8) Generate the mesh for the gear tooth and press Ok.9) Set the Material type ElasticPlastic.10) Click on the Boundary Conditions icon and set the vertical velocityto zero for the bottom section. (Figure ).11) Click on the thermal tab in the Boundary Conditions window to setthe heat exchange boundary conditions (Figure ).12) Set the thermal boundary conditions to Heat Exchange with theEnvironment for the outside part of the tooth and the bore (inner)section.13) Press Ok when finished when applying these boundary conditions.14) Click on the Material icon to bring up the Material Selectionwindow. This is the window in which the material type is selectedfor a particular object.15) Click on the AISI1045, COLD selection and press Ok.At this point the temperature and the phase position of the object needs to be defined.Figure : Gear tooth section with velocity boundary conditions.At this point the temperature and the phase position of the object needsto be defined.Question: What are weighting factors and why are they necessary?Weighting factors are variables that one can assign in order to emphasize or deemphasize the density of the mesh based on object parameters. By increasing the weighting factor for boundary curvature, the mesh generator will tend to place more elements in regions where the boundary of the object has higher curvature. Figure : Gear tooth section with heat exchange boundaryconditions.16) Click on the Default icon and set the Temperature