【正文】 在這次設(shè)計(jì)即將完成之際，我要忠心的謝謝你們！附 錄1Differential and Rear AxlesThe differential is part of the rearaxlehousing assembly, which includes the differential, rear axles, wheels, and bearings. If the car were to be driven in a straight line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the car rounds a turn, the outer wheel must travel farther than the inner wheel. The differential permits the two rear wheels to rotate different amounts when the car goes around a turn, while still delivering power to both rear wheels.The rear axles are attached to the wheels and have bevel side gears on their inner ends. The differential case is assembled on the left axle but can rotate on a bearing independently of the differential case supports the differentialpinion gear on a shaft, and this gear meshes with the two bevel gears. The ring gear is attached to the differential case so that the case rotates with the ring gear when the later is driven by the drive driving power enters the differential through the drive pinion on the end of the propeller shaft. The drive pinion is meshed with a large ring gear so that the ring gear revolves with the pinion.Attached to the ring gear (through the differential case) is a differentialpinion shaft on which are assembled two differentialpinion gears. Each rear car wheel has a separate axle, and there are two side gears splined to the inner ends of the two wheel axles. The two differentialpinion gears mesh with these two side gears. When the car is on a straight road, the two differentialpinion gears do not rotate on the pinion shaft, but they do exert pressure on the two side gears so that the side gears turn at the same speed as the ring gear, causing both rear wheels to turn at the same speed, differential case is supported in the carrier by two taperedroller side bearings. This assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others.The differential case is supported in the carrier by two taperedroller side bearings. This assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others.Transaxle final drive gears provide the means for transmitting transmission output torque to the differential section of the transaxle. The differential section of the transaxle has the same ponents as the differential gears in a RWD axle and basically operate in the same way. The power flow in transversely mounted power trains is in line with the wheels and therefore the differential unit does not need to turn the power 90 degrees.When the car rounds a curve, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel. To permit this, the two pinion gears rotate on their pinion shaft, transmitting more turning movement to the outer side gear than to the inner side gear. Thus, the side gear on the outerwheel axle turns more rapidly than the side gear on the innerwheel axle. This permits the outer wheel to turn more rapidly while the car is rounding the are two basic types of axle: dead axles and live axle. The dead axle does not rotate。他的治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度、謙虛扎實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)使我深受教育和啟迪，讓我深深感覺到教師的偉大。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 劉惟信. : 清華大學(xué)出版社, 2001[2] 王望予. 汽車設(shè)計(jì)（: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [3] 陳家瑞. 汽車構(gòu)造（第4版. 北京: 人民交通出版社, [4] 張洪欣 . 汽車設(shè) .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 . 1999 [5] 紀(jì)峻嶺. 傳動軸、差速器、驅(qū)動橋及車橋. 北京: 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2005[6] 汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編（第四卷）. 中國汽車技術(shù)中心, 2004 [7] 郝京順. 汽車設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資料手冊. 長春: 吉林科技出版社, 1992[8] 吳克堅(jiān). 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003[9] 孫恒, （第六版）. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001 [10] 孫志禮. : 東北大學(xué)出版社, [11] 龔微寒 . ：人民交通出版社 . 1995 [12] 劉維信. 圓錐齒輪與雙曲面齒輪傳動. 北京：人民交通出版社， 1980[13] 頓德安. , 2000[14] 張玉， 劉平. : 東北大學(xué)出版社, [15] 齒輪手冊編委會. 齒輪手冊(第二版).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， [16] 吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)汽車教研室 . ：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 . 1981[17] 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊編委會. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(3).北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [18] 小林明. 汽車工程手冊 (第二分冊).北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1984[19] Reimpell J, stoll H. The Automotive Chassis: Engineering Principles. Warremdale, PA 15096, SA, SAE, 1996 致謝大學(xué)四年的美好生活即將以這篇畢業(yè)論文劃上一個(gè)句號，回首這段畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過程，心中滿是感恩之情，在此特地表達(dá)誠摯的謝意。差速器的設(shè)計(jì)方法和思路與主減速器的設(shè)計(jì)基本類似，本次設(shè)計(jì)選用了工作平穩(wěn)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的普通錐齒輪式差速器。并應(yīng)用MATLAB軟件進(jìn)行編程。；——主動齒輪的節(jié)錐角，=176。；——主動齒輪的中點(diǎn)螺旋角，=176。mm；——軸的抗扭載面模量，≈；——主動齒輪軸的初選值。m ——傳動系的最低擋傳動比； —傳動系的傳動效率。==驅(qū)動橋殼承受著水平方向的彎矩為= N 本次設(shè)計(jì)為中型貨車驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)。鋼板沖壓焊接式和擴(kuò)張成形式橋殼質(zhì)量小，材料利用率高，制造成本低，適用用于大量生產(chǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造工藝性好，主減速器支承剛度好，拆裝、調(diào)整、維修方便，廣泛用于轎車和中、小型貨車上。1. 整體式橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是一個(gè)剛性整體外殼或空心梁。第5章 驅(qū)動橋殼設(shè)計(jì) 驅(qū)動橋殼的功用和設(shè)計(jì)要求驅(qū)動橋殼的功用是支承并保護(hù)主減速器、差速器和半軸等，使左右驅(qū)動車輪的軸向相對位置固定；并和從動橋一起支承車架及汽車的各總成質(zhì)量；汽車行駛時(shí)，承受由車輪傳來的路面反作用力和力矩，并經(jīng)懸架傳給車架。半軸的熱處理過去都采用調(diào)質(zhì)處理的方法，調(diào)質(zhì)后要求桿部硬度為388～444HB（凸緣部分的硬度允許降至248HB）。因此在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上應(yīng)盡量增大各過渡部分的圓角半徑，這對減小應(yīng)力集中很有效。===〈157MPa===280MPa 全浮式半軸桿部直徑的初選半軸桿部直徑：=(～) （46）=≈52mm式中：d——半軸桿部直徑，mm； T——半軸的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩，Nm 半軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算半軸扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力： =16//≤[] （42）式中：——半軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力，MPa； ——半軸計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩，N本次設(shè)計(jì)為中型貨車驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)，考慮到承載能力與結(jié)構(gòu)、成本，所以采用全浮式半軸支承。對于非斷開式車橋，車輪傳動裝置的主要零件是半軸。25′=（21）理論弧齒厚： === =/2() tan =() tan22176。34′= =+2cos)=110+2cos59176。16′= =59176。18′=60176。34′+5176。34′=arctan(/)=arctan(22/13)=59176。m =21(120225)= MPa＜980MPa符合要求。m； ——行星齒輪目數(shù)； ——行星齒輪支承面中點(diǎn)至錐頂?shù)木嚯x，mm；≈,為半軸齒輪齒面寬中點(diǎn)處的直徑，而≈； []——支承面的許用擠壓應(yīng)力，取為98MPa。的壓力角。大端端面模數(shù)：=2/本次設(shè)計(jì)的行星齒輪與半軸齒輪齒數(shù)的選擇：取行星齒輪齒數(shù)為13，半軸齒輪齒數(shù)為22，所以半軸齒輪與行星齒輪的齒數(shù)比為22/13=，～2的范圍內(nèi)，并且要滿足安裝條件：=I==11式中：——左邊半軸齒輪齒數(shù)；——右邊半軸齒輪齒數(shù)；n——行星齒輪數(shù)目；I——任意整數(shù)。=64mm行星齒輪預(yù)選節(jié)錐距：=（～）=（～）64=(～)mm,取=63mm。2）行星齒輪球面半徑的確定可根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 =而快慢半軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩之比/，定義為轉(zhuǎn)矩比，以表示， =/= 1+/1～，轉(zhuǎn)矩比為1～。使傳到轉(zhuǎn)得快的左半軸上的轉(zhuǎn)矩減小而卻使傳到轉(zhuǎn)得慢的右半軸上的轉(zhuǎn)矩增加。因此，當(dāng)行星齒輪沒有自轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，總是將轉(zhuǎn)矩平均分配給左右兩半軸齒輪，即==/2。這表明：①當(dāng)任何一側(cè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速為零時(shí)，另一側(cè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速為差速器殼轉(zhuǎn)速的兩倍；②當(dāng)