【正文】
如果晶帶軸的跡和投影軸的跡重合,則屬于此晶帶的任何兩通帶間夾角即等于相應(yīng)的兩個(gè)晶面間的夾角。 60176。 60176。 R r2 ? ? R r3 (c) ?=65176。探測器愈是垂直于試樣表面,所收集到的二次電子數(shù)也就愈多。 八、感應(yīng)信號方式 感應(yīng)電信號 半導(dǎo)體和絕緣體在高速電子束的轟擊下會在其中產(chǎn)生空穴 電子對,感應(yīng)信號就是以此作信號的一種工作方式。特征 X射線的波長因試樣元素不同而不同,其相對強(qiáng)度與元素含量有關(guān)。其能量大小取決于試樣的性質(zhì)和厚度。 二、反射方式 被反射電子 能量與入射電子能量相當(dāng),來自表面層幾個(gè)微米的深度范圍。不同的信號來自此激發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)不同的深度。 二、放大倍數(shù) 掃描電鏡的放大倍率 M取決于顯像管熒光屏尺寸 S2和入射束在試樣表面掃描距離 S1之比,即 12SSM ?三、入射電子在試樣內(nèi)的激發(fā)區(qū)域 入射電子在被散射或吸收之前,將在試樣表面下的某個(gè)距離 R范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)動,并激發(fā)各種射線。 SE Detector Specimen CRT Camera Amplifier Image Signal High Voltage Deflection Coils Deflection Amplifier Vacuum Pump Filament Wehnelt Electron Gun Anode Condenser Lens Deflection Coils Objective Lens Specimen Chamber Scanning Electron Beam Mag. Control Configuration of a scanning electron microscope PG1 PG2 Filament Condenser Lens aperture Orifice NV Vacuum Gauge Vacuum controller (Realtime) Vacuum condition preset RP1 RP2 DP Low Vacuum Condition BSE detector V8 V6 V9 V3 V4 V1 Specimen V5 V7 High Vacuum Condition V2 Block diagram of evacuating system Image Sample Objective Lens (Illumination Source) Lump O M Condenser Lens Projection Lens Screen Image Image Sample Sample Objective Lens Electron Source Condenser Lens Deflection Coils SE Detector C R T T E M S E M Fluorescent screen Scanning Difference among OM, TEM and SEM FE Tip Tungsten Filament 750μ m Electron Source Type of Emission Operating Vacum (Pa) Brightness (A/cm2?str) Source Size (μ m) Energy Spred (eV) Life Time (h) Tungsten Filament Thermonic Field Emission Cold FE 105 ~ 108 5x105 108 30 50 2022 Energy Spread Effect of chromatic aberration ΔV= ~ 2eV Tungsten Filament Crossover of Low Energy Electrons Crossover of High Energy Electrons ΔV= ~ FE Tip Crossover of Low Energy Electrons Crossover of High Energy Electrons