【正文】 由于裝機功率增大，電動機、變壓器、變頻器等設備的體積也相應增大，為滿足整機結(jié)構(gòu)布置緊湊的要求，必須研究設備小型化的技術(shù)途徑。重點是完善和提高系統(tǒng)裝置的抗震、散熱和防潮等性能；(2)研究可靠的微機電氣控制系統(tǒng)。4 國內(nèi)電牽引采煤機研究內(nèi)容國內(nèi)電牽引采煤機代表機型與國外電牽引采煤機相比，在總體參數(shù)性能方面已接近國外20世紀9o年代初期水平。(6)提高設備成套性。中壓機載是1—2m薄煤層交流變頻電牽引采煤機的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，必須盡快突破。(3)發(fā)展中壓機載。(2)加大功率和功率密度。采用中壓電磁調(diào)速、中壓開關(guān)磁阻電機、中壓交流變頻調(diào)速時，沒有牽引變壓器，便于機載，缺點是電磁調(diào)速的性能一般化，開關(guān)磁阻電機的中壓調(diào)速雖已國產(chǎn)化，但可靠性有待提高。控制指令、保護、顯示等信息也由同一根電纜傳送，這種電牽引裝置的電牽引低速性能差，控制信號易受外界干擾，信息傳送復雜，拖拽電纜產(chǎn)生故障易引起電氣調(diào)速裝置損壞，發(fā)電運行時拖拽電纜斷路會引起跑車。3)截割電動機布置在搖臂采空側(cè)。除了傳統(tǒng)的縱向布置外，還有橫向多電機并聯(lián)布置，如1K103型、MG344型等。其牽引部布置在工作面輸送機的機頭機尾處，類似于拖鉤刨煤機，由采空側(cè)的圓環(huán)鏈牽引。機身懸在機道里，前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂。2)騎輸送機方式如MG2X100／456一WD型、MGN132／316一DW 型、MG132／315一WD 型、MG132／320一WD型等采煤機，品種最多。1)爬底板方式如MG344一PWD型、EDW300一LN型、MCLE—DR7575M型等采煤機。德國進入20世紀9o年代，開發(fā)了橫向布置的SL系列電牽引采煤機。這種～ 拖一的牽引系統(tǒng)也正被逐步采用，成為電牽引技術(shù)發(fā)展的又一特點。9o年代中后期研制的大功率電牽引
采煤機均采用交流變頻調(diào)速牽引系統(tǒng)。(7)專家系統(tǒng)和故障診斷把來自監(jiān)控、性能檢測和運行參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)和信息與以往機器維護、使用情況進行比較，對機器的健康運行進行診斷，也可對特定錯誤和推薦方案提供風險評估。如Eickhof公司SL系列采煤機裝備有MICOS68礦用微機系統(tǒng)，主菜單10個子菜單包括采煤機運行狀態(tài)；自動操縱；截割部參數(shù)；牽引部參數(shù)、液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、各檢測點溫度、各電動機電流；水量、水壓；控制系統(tǒng)軟、硬件型號；診斷、預警(口令)等，多數(shù)保護項目可以通過人機交互方式予以屏蔽；(6)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、順槽控制及地面監(jiān)控采煤機遠程通訊和工作面集中控制技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代化礦井的標志。監(jiān)控保護系統(tǒng)智能化主要功能：(1)負載控制通過截割電機電流的監(jiān)測，調(diào)整采煤機的牽引速度，使采煤機在不同工況下以最優(yōu)化的參數(shù)進行工作，保證傳動系統(tǒng)不易受持續(xù)沖擊影響；(2)工作面定位控制 識別采煤機在工作面的位置，在機頭、機尾自動減速和停止，與支架配合實現(xiàn)自動隨機移架；(3)與工作面輸送機聯(lián)機負荷控制 通過輸送機的負荷監(jiān)測來調(diào)節(jié)采煤機的采煤量，使采煤機和輸送機的生產(chǎn)能力相匹配；(4)自動調(diào)高控制 將具有一定分辨率的煤巖分界識別傳感器結(jié)合計算機控制，組成煤巖分界傳感裝置及煤巖分界識別系統(tǒng)。為減少輸電線路損耗，提高供電質(zhì)量和電機性能，普遍采用中高壓供電。國外采煤機元部件設計壽命：齒輪12500h，軸承20 000—30000h，電機絕緣壽命44000h，滾筒采煤64萬t。最大牽引速度54．5 m／rain(SL300)，最大牽引力998 kN。(2)牽引功率均在80 kW 以上，最大已達220 kW。上海分院研制的MG系列電牽引采煤機已形成9大系列共幾十個品種，現(xiàn)正在開發(fā)裝機總功率達l 800 kW 的交流電牽引采煤機； 太原礦山機器廠與上海分院合作， 將AM500液壓牽引采煤機改造成MG 375／830一WD型交流電牽引采煤機后， 又與兗州礦業(yè)集團合作，研制成功了MGTY 400／900—3．3D型交流電牽引采煤機；雞西煤機廠與上海分院合作將MG2300一W 型液壓牽引采煤機改造成MG300／ 360一WD型交流電牽引采煤機后，又開發(fā)了MG200／463型、MG400／985型交流電牽引采煤機；遼源煤機廠與邢臺礦業(yè)集團合作研制成功我國首臺應用電磁轉(zhuǎn)差離合器調(diào)速技術(shù)的MG668一WD型電牽引采煤機；無錫采煤機廠與中合作，開發(fā)研制成功國內(nèi)首臺應用開關(guān)磁阻電機調(diào)速紡機電研究所技術(shù)的MG200／500一CD型電牽引采煤機。2 國內(nèi)電牽引采煤機發(fā)展概況近年來。 波蘭KOMAG采礦機械化研究中心波蘭在與中國合作研制成功KSE一344型薄煤層交流電牽引采煤機的基礎上，陸續(xù)開發(fā)了KSE一360、KSE一700、KSE一800RW／2BP、KSE一535S／2BP、KSE1000型等交流電牽引采煤機。71．55采煤機總功率1 940kW， 牽引速度30m／min?！狝irdox公司自1984年研制成功第一臺將截割電機布置在搖臂上的多電機橫向布置得Electra550型直流電牽引采煤機后，在其基礎上加大功率，又研制成Electra1000型直流電牽引采煤機。1 國外電牽采煤機發(fā)展概況自1976年研制成功直流電牽引采煤機后，基本停止了液壓牽引采煤機的開發(fā)研究，陸續(xù)開發(fā)了多種形式電牽引采煤機。此后，世界上各主要采煤機研究制造公司均對電牽引采煤機進行了大量的研究開發(fā)。(4)Development can the mineral of four quadrant movements use to municate change the Pin adjust to soon to adopt coal function to adapt the demand that bigger Qing Cape coal seam mine。s sell is replace by the Chi track and weld structure to change whole nicety cast or forge, the width enlarge, the stanza is apart from to increase to176。s method to press the type of lead the electrical engineering and can is divided into direct current to lead and municates to electricity in earlier period leads to adopt coal machine to mostly adopt direct current to adjust soon success from the mid 8039。Diagnosis, early warning(password) etc., the most protection item can hand over a way to with each other shield through person39。Cut to mow a parameter。(4)Automatically keying up a control will have the coal rock boundary of certain resolution to identify to spread a feeling machine to bine a calculator control and constitute a coal rock boundary to spread feeling device and coal rock boundary to identify already apply to physically or just be placed in research at the production currently with experiment the coal rock of stage identify a method and analytical the system mainly have:Remember the intelligence distance control, the analytical and natural D of the vibration frequency chart shoot line, measure dint to cut Chi, radioisotope, Zao voice the infrared ray, radar probe into etc..Remember an intelligence distance to control a coal rock boundary to identify and control system among them an application at most is what foreign main model adopt to automatically key up a technique currently in actually the radar39。t easily be continuously pounded at influence。Equip and 6 LS5 type the in general use JNA machine carry calculator information center and have person39。s in 20 centuries develops a direct current to lead to adopt coal machine one after , each mainly adopted coal machine a research a manufacturing a pany to all lead to adopt coal machine to carry on to the electricity in the world a great deal of of study a age expected to appear alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine , the big power electricity which develops to gather electronics, microelectronics, information management and calculator intelligence technique in the integral whole leads to adopt coal machine, like the LS series of American JOY pany, British LongAirdox the Electra, SL series of the pany, the EDW, SL series of German Eickhof pany, three wells in Japan three pond creation the MCLEDR of series etc. the electricity lead to adopt coal electricity leads to adopt coal machine good and dependable sex with its function parameter Gao, automation degree Gao, operation convenience, supervision protection and examination the function perfect and economic performance Gao Deng339。s advantage be quickly expanded