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外文翻譯---借助dds的精密頻率的一種替代方法-其他專業(yè)-wenkub.com

2025-01-15 09:21 本頁面
   

【正文】 這主要是因為本文的目的是要提出一個頻率測量的 替代原理。換句話說,循環(huán)有能力按照輸 入信號頻率的變化而改變。另一方面,由于 DDS 的固有 高頻率的特點,該方法的精度非常高。 在數(shù)字示波器 的幫助下,測量采用較低速度跟蹤檢查。這次調(diào)整階段一部分實施在 PLD 一部分在微控制器。 送入到由模擬設(shè)備 AD9713B 發(fā)出的 D / A 轉(zhuǎn)換器中。接下來,一個更高 的頻率原型制造出來了,在此進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的描述。 k ? fin。很明顯,使用 “假設(shè) ”是因為沒有一個可用的波形在電路(除輔助 DAC)中。在相同的圖上, 上部的描繪, 以模擬的形式顯示的 FSW 的變化, 這是因為它企圖接近正確的值。相反,它 搖擺于 F1 和 F2 之間,其中 F1 和 F2 是頻率對稱擺動的兩個極端值。這不會通過頻率比較器 “實 現(xiàn) ”和合成頻率將會在一些時鐘周期繼續(xù)增加,直到比較器檢測出它的兩個輸入 頻率的正確關(guān)系,未知的一方和 DDS 輸出。雖然模擬執(zhí)行頻率的比較將產(chǎn)生更 加強(qiáng)勁的噪音,我們堅持?jǐn)?shù)字實現(xiàn),原因有三:在超大型積體電路或可編程邏輯 器件( PLD)實現(xiàn)容易,沒有模擬組件,頻率范圍寬的操作和更短的需要響應(yīng)時 間。在我們 的例子中,這不是一個問題,因為這個電路是在一個封閉的循環(huán)之中。最初,在滯后期,有關(guān)更大的頻率的指示是不明確的,即它 可以是錯誤的。一個充滿活力的機(jī)制代替了。相反,當(dāng)?shù)诙€計數(shù)器(# 2)在一個周期內(nèi) 記錄兩個未知的頻率的上升的 DDS 輸出的邊緣, 它又恢復(fù)成 RS 觸發(fā)器的輸出 的。 頻率比較器的功能是基于頻率較低,即較大的時期的原則,包括(擁抱)至少有 一個或多個頻率較高(小周期)完整周期。 由于這一初步的方法,我們可 以說,被提議的方法是基于被迫產(chǎn)生和未知幾乎相 等的頻率的數(shù)字控制合成器 ,。在步長下降到一時逼近過 程停止。 電路的操作 該電路工作在一個新的測量 DDS 的 輸出頻率會在一開始以逐次逼近的方法控制 這樣一種方式。 主要模塊已被證明。因 此,目前的方法,頻率計數(shù)器工作頻率達(dá) 100 MHz 是可以設(shè)計的。一個(已知)頻率源,即 DDS,采用于一個閉環(huán) 并且被迫逐步產(chǎn)生頻率等于未知輸入輸出。設(shè)置 FSW 為二,計數(shù) 器的結(jié)果間隔數(shù)為二,以時鐘周期來完成一個周期的正弦波輸出。這不等于使用例如蓄電池的,而不是硬過 濾和波形輸出最高位有限,因為會遇到很大的抖動。 DDS 的數(shù)字部分,即相位累加器和 查表,被稱為數(shù)控振蕩器( NCO) 。 2 直接數(shù)字頻率合成器 一個典型的直接數(shù)字頻率合成器包含一個正弦波(正弦查找表 LUT)樣品的 RAM。其閉環(huán)形式刻畫了本文提出的方法。這些技術(shù)實際上是在測量訊號的時間,并使用一些方法 來計算它的倒數(shù),即頻率。 1 簡介 最常用的測頻技術(shù)采用計數(shù)在預(yù)定的時間窗口(光圈)的未知頻率的脈沖的計數(shù) 器。計數(shù)器的輸出頻率設(shè)定字 ( FSW) 代理指示的 DDS 產(chǎn)生一個新的正弦波頻率接近未知之一。 k ? fin. Description of the prototype hardware For evaluation purposes two prototypes have been built and tested in the laboratory. The first approach was a low frequency instrument (operating up to 15 KHz) . The purpose of this implementation was to study the principles of operation of the proposed method. Next, a higher frequency prototype was built which will be described in more detail here. In order to implement the digital part of the prototype, (Frequency Comparator, Successive Counter, Correction Stage) two PLD devices from Altera (EPF 8064LC6812) were used. These devices are interconnected with the DDS, which is the Q2240I3S1 from Qualm. The DDS has a 32bit input and a 12bit output for the sine lookup table (LUT). The 12bit output of the LUT is fed into the D/A converter, the AD9713B from Analog Devices. Its analog output is connected to an I/V amplifier (currenttovoltage converter). The generated sinewave has upper harmonics, due to the DAC operation. These harmonics are removed from the filters that follow the DAC. The correction stage is implemented partially on the PLDs and partially on the microcontroller. Based on the updown mand of the frequency parator we store the two extreme values, FSW1 and FSW2, which are then transferred into the microcontroller (Atmel AT89C52), transformed into numerical representation and fed to the LCD Display. The microcontroller also controls the whole operation of the prototype. The behaviour of the instrument was according to the expected and was alike to a conventional bench frequency counter. The speed of measurement was checked using lower trace, obtained by the aid of a digital oscilloscope. Each state, high or low, of this waveform corresponds to the time required for one measurement. 4 Conclusion In this paper an alternative method of frequency measurement has been proposed. It has been pointed out that in most cases this method is faster than conventional methods for the same frequency resolution. On the other hand, the precision of the method can be very high due to the inherent high frequency resolution characteristic of the DDS that is employed. This synthesizer, which can be thought as an oscillator, is driven to oscillate in the region of the unknown input frequency. A parison with conventional methods has been given and two prototypes have been built and tested in the laboratory. The second major advantage of this method is that if repetitive frequency measurements are to be taken, the instrument remains locked and the frequency measurement does not restart from the beginning, but instead is automatically driven to lower or higher values. In other words, the loop has the capability to follow the changes in the frequency of the input signal. In the conventional counting techniques the counting proce
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