【正文】 傳統(tǒng)的粗放型工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對城市和自然造成的環(huán)境污 染 ,生態(tài)惡化的負(fù)面影響外 文 翻 譯 122 正在逐步的得到遏制 .未來的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)必須在生態(tài)環(huán)保方面加大力度 ,依靠科技進(jìn)步的力量 ,采用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)措施 ,達(dá)到既能保證生產(chǎn) ,又具有自凈能力 ,杜絕廢氣 , 廢料 ,有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)對城市空氣水源 ,土壤 ,生物造成的環(huán)境污染 ,同時(shí) ,盡可能利用工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的余熱 ,對于可重復(fù)利用的廢料實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)利用 ,降低能源 ,資源消耗 .其中的環(huán)保措施如凈化回收裝置 ,空調(diào)潔凈設(shè)施 ,采熱利用設(shè)備等 . 在國外 ,一些工廠在保護(hù)自然 ,創(chuàng)造健康的工作環(huán)境方面做出了很好的表率 ,生態(tài)環(huán)保意識不僅體現(xiàn)在建造階段 ,而且體現(xiàn) 在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中 ,如生產(chǎn)中只能用生態(tài)的被降解的原料 ,而最后的產(chǎn)品也要盡可能是再生產(chǎn)的 ,從而將生產(chǎn)帶來的負(fù)面影響力降到最小程度 .未來的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對生產(chǎn)工藝 ,工人專業(yè)技能 ,生產(chǎn)環(huán)境 ,企業(yè)管理等方面都提出了更嚴(yán)格的要求 .其中 ,室內(nèi)的恒溫 ,恒濕 ,潔凈 ,照明 ,防火 ,保安等方面需要先進(jìn)的技術(shù)措施加以管理 .現(xiàn)在 ,這些方面已開始逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化管理和監(jiān)控 ,對供暖 ,空調(diào) ,供電等設(shè)備專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)提出了更高的要求。在智能建筑里，人們可以獲得： （ 1）安全，健康，節(jié)能，舒適宜人，能提高工作和生活質(zhì)量的環(huán)境，溫度，濕度，照度可以自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，環(huán)境的色彩，味道與背景噪音可隨心所欲，盡量利用自然界的光，冷，熱，大氣等，自 動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)環(huán)境，最大限度的減少能源消耗，創(chuàng)造更有人性的生存行為環(huán)境。保護(hù)原因的環(huán)境的生態(tài)平衡是不可能的，雖然保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境和自然資源詩人們實(shí)踐活動(dòng)所必須遵守的，但保護(hù)是為了利用，合理利用自然環(huán)境和資源就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡的目標(biāo) 。有效的防止了熱輻射，改善了夏季室內(nèi)環(huán)境，陽臺(tái)上采用垂直綠化。 （三）加強(qiáng)綠化設(shè)計(jì) 城市與建筑的綠化是改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要手段，綠色植物有時(shí)放氧，凈化空氣，殺菌，調(diào)節(jié)空氣等作用。 ③ 住宅的生態(tài)型 如今生活在都市里的人都渴望回歸自然，希望更多地與大自然接觸，但住宅建筑僅有綠色還不能說其具有生態(tài)型，住宅的生 態(tài)型是以綠色為基礎(chǔ)涵蓋生態(tài)環(huán)保，可持續(xù)發(fā)展等多種理念。 ① 住宅建筑的舒適性 住宅建筑的本質(zhì)就是為人服務(wù)，首先就要講舒適性，也就是說住宅建筑要尋求一種在符合購買面積，戶型的基礎(chǔ)上，使得各功能空間有合理有效的安排，各得其所，分區(qū)明確，并使各功能的空間有詩意的尺度，比例，方便家具的布置和人的活動(dòng)，同時(shí)要保證各功能空間的相對私密性。 “以人為本”的住宅建筑，時(shí)空的延續(xù)性使其具有了某種低于建筑空間文化的特質(zhì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了抵御建筑空間文化創(chuàng)新的再現(xiàn)，豐富了當(dāng)前頗為雷同的居住模式。 4. 建筑時(shí)空的延續(xù)性 關(guān)懷自然，就是關(guān)懷人類本身，真正意義上的“以人為本”就在于此。 ① 對涉及的地方性，地域性理解，重視地方場所的文化脈絡(luò)； ② 運(yùn)用技術(shù)的公眾意識 ，結(jié)合建筑功能要求，采用簡單合適的技術(shù)； ③ 樹立建筑材料蘊(yùn)含能量和循環(huán)使用的意識，在最大范圍內(nèi)使用可再生的地方性建筑材料，避免使用高溫能量，破壞環(huán)境，產(chǎn)生廢物以及帶有放射性的建筑材料，征求重新利用舊的建筑材料和構(gòu)件； 外 文 翻 譯 117 ④ 針對當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件，采用別動(dòng)式能源策略，盡量應(yīng)用可再生能源； ⑤ 完善建筑空間使用的靈活性，以便減少建筑體量。s historical responsibility. We believed, the industrial architecture can certainly have the high tech, Diversification, Personalized time, Blooms the extraordinary splendor, Increases the splendor for the city landscape to add the color. Now, the world largescale construction mainstream is the ecologicallysafe building and the intelligent construction, our country at present the largescale synthesis construction life which constructs and is going to construct at least above 50 years, all is faces for the 21st century, regardless of is in the construction art, on the equipment, all should have the consciousness in advance. Along with ecology consciousness popular and sustainable development sink deep into the hearts of the people, by our country at present economic potentiality, the construction technology, the science and technology actual level, will construct has the future building to enhance the prehensive national strength as our country the concrete manifestation, will lead the architecture industry the swift and violent development. 外 文 翻 譯 116 21 世紀(jì)建筑設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展趨向 21 世紀(jì)的到來使人們從工業(yè)時(shí)代轉(zhuǎn)入到了信息時(shí)代 ,有建筑業(yè)的權(quán)威曾說過 :21 世紀(jì)的高消費(fèi)就是回歸大自然 ,回歸鄉(xiāng)土 .就其原因可以概括為以下幾點(diǎn) : （一）應(yīng)該走客車學(xué)發(fā)展的建筑設(shè)計(jì)道路 具體來說就是在進(jìn)行建筑設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)首先要研究生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況 ,考慮解決好與周邊環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào) ,解決好自然能源的利用 ,自然材料的合理利用 .采光照明設(shè)計(jì) ,內(nèi)部空間物理性能調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì) ,建筑裝飾 ,裝潢 ,室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中景可能的多利用自然元素和天然才智 ,創(chuàng)造出自然質(zhì)樸的生活工作環(huán)境 ,建筑應(yīng)盡量減少能源消耗 ,開發(fā)資源和材料再生利用 , 按“綠色建材”概念裝修房屋，改變?nèi)藗儸F(xiàn)存的世俗審美觀判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不搞病態(tài)空間，不搞過渡裝飾，減少視覺污染，減少人力，物力的濫用和浪費(fèi)，使建筑更貼近自然，使能源利用和景觀創(chuàng)造都達(dá)到新的高度。s basic view, cannot separate organism with theirs environment, in the nature, the living system and the environment system affects the constitution mutually the natural whole, is “the ecosystem”. The natural ecosystem is the plex integrated system which is posed by the biology and the habitat, the natural ecosystem has certain result and the function, again develops in the system each living thing factor and the environment internal cause element relates mutually according to certain rule. The protection reason environment ecological equilibrium is not impossible, although the protection ecological environment and the natural resource poets practice the activity to have to observe, but the protection is in order to use, the reasonable use natural environment and the resources may realize the 外 文 翻 譯 113 protection ecological environment, maintains the ecological equilibrium the goal. (5) Intelligence construction Since 1980s, the electronic technology has been highly developed, the munication swift and violent development, the information superhighway clear causes the intelligent building to arise at the historic moment, people39。s requirement. Therefore, but also must consider its space and time the integrity. After has pleted human nature spatial and the natural spatial reasonable union, will have to suit the modernization social development humanity own life style some essential factors to consider among, will mainly include the residential building fortableness, the patibility, the ecology, informedness, cultural property, intelligence and so on. ① Residential building fortableness The residential building essence is serves for the human, first must speak fortableness, in other words, the residential building must seek one kind in to conform to the purchase area, in the household foundation, enables various functions space to have the reasonable effective arrangement, takes their proper place, the district is clear about, and enable various functions the space to have the poetic 外 文 翻 譯 109 sentiment criterion, the proportion, the convenient furniture arrangement and human39。 ④ In view of the local climatic conditions, use do not move the type energy strategy, applies the renewable energy as far as possible。s esthetic request, the image is succinct, the modelling is kind, the economy is transparent, the function is diverse, the material 外 文 翻 譯 106 nature, nontoxic harmless and renewability as well as the detailing must achieve enters carefully micro only then can receive people39。s wele. The 21st century architectural designs are a major problem, its development direction mainly has following several aspects: 1. Should walk the sustainable development a