【正文】 conomic inequality gets worse. Social mobility, things we really care about, physical health, social trust, all go down as inequality goes up. Similarly, negative things in social collectives and societies, things like obesity, and violence, imprisonment, and punishment, are exacerbated as economic inequality increases. Again, these are outes not just experienced by a few, but that resound across all strata of society. Even people at the top experience these outes.不平等，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的不平等，是我們每個(gè)人都要關(guān)心的問題，不僅是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)底層的人，而是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)不平等會(huì)讓個(gè)人和集體都變得糟糕。不僅僅是底層的人，是每一個(gè)人。有很多來自世界各地的頂級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的非常有說服力的研究，展示了日益增加的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等造成的影響范圍。社會(huì)流動(dòng)性，那些我們非常關(guān)心的東西，如身體健康、社會(huì)信任，都會(huì)隨著不平等的增加而削弱。同樣的，社會(huì)中消極的東西，比如肥胖、暴力、徒刑和懲罰都會(huì)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等的增加而加劇。而這些后果，不是少數(shù)人所經(jīng)歷的而是會(huì)影響社會(huì)的各個(gè)階層。即使是在頂層的人也要遭受這些后果。So what do we do? This cascade of selfperpetuating, pernicious, negative effects could seem like something that39。s spun out of control, and there39。s nothing we can do about it, certainly nothing we as individuals could do. But in fact, we39。ve been finding in our own laboratory research that small psychological interventions, small changes to people39。s values, small nudges in certain directions, can restore levels of egalitarianism and empathy. For instance, reminding people of the benefits of cooperation, or the advantages of munity, cause wealthier individuals to be just as egalitarian as poor people. In one study, we had people watch a brief video, just 46 seconds long, about childhood poverty that served as a reminder of the needs of others in the world around them, and after watching that, we looked at how willing people were to offer up their own time to a stranger presented to them in the lab who was in distress. After watching this video, an hour later, rich people became just as generous of their own time to help out this other person, a stranger, as someone who39。s poor, suggesting that these differences are not innate or categorical, but are so malleable to slight changes in people39。s values, and little nudges of passion and bumps of empathy.那我們?cè)撛趺崔k呢？這些帶有延續(xù)性的，有害的消極影響看上去是什么東西失控了，而我們無(wú)能為力特別是作為個(gè)人更是無(wú)能為力。但是事實(shí)上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在我們自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究中，小小的心理干預(yù)，價(jià)值觀的小小改變，某些特定的微小暗示就可以將平等和同理心恢復(fù)。比如，提醒人們合作的好處或者社區(qū)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，就能夠讓富人和窮人一樣關(guān)注平等。其中一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們讓參與者看一短片，46秒，關(guān)于兒童貧困，以此提醒大家周圍人的需要。看過這個(gè)視頻后，我們觀察了他們?yōu)閷?shí)驗(yàn)中一個(gè)壓抑的陌生人提供幫助的積極性?？赐赀@個(gè)視頻一個(gè)小時(shí)后，富人變得和窮人一樣大方，他們?cè)敢饣〞r(shí)間幫助別人，幫助那些陌生人。這意味著這些差別不是與生俱來或者一成不變的。它們很容易改變，只是需要價(jià)值觀的微小變化。同情心的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)推動(dòng)，和同理心的輕微觸碰。And beyond the walls of our lab, we39。re even beginning to see signs of change in society. Bill Gates, one of our nation39。s wealthiest individuals, in his Harvard mencement speech, talked about the problem facing society of inequality as being the most daunting challenge, and talked about what must be done to bat it, saying, Humanity39。s greatest advances are not in its discoveries, but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. And there39。s the Giving Pledge, in which more than 100 of our nation39。s wealthiest individuals are pledging half of their fortunes to charity. And there39。s the emergence of dozens of grassroots movements, like We are the One Percent, the Resource Generation, or Wealth for Common Good, in which the most privileged members of the population, members of the one percent and elsewhere, people who are wealthy, are using their own economic resources, adults and youth alike, that39。s what39。s most striking to me, leveraging their own privilege, their own economic resources, to bat inequality by advocating for social policies, changes in social values, and changes in people39。s behavior, that work against their own economic interests but that may ultimately restore the American dream.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室之外，我們也開始看到社會(huì)上的改變。比爾蓋茨，我們國(guó)家的富豪之一，在哈佛的開學(xué)典禮演講中說到這個(gè)社會(huì)所面臨的問題，他說不平等是我們目前面臨的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，他談?wù)摿宋覀儜?yīng)該如何戰(zhàn)勝它。他說：“人類最偉大的進(jìn)步不在于它的各種發(fā)現(xiàn)，而在于如何將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)用于削弱不平等?！斑€有捐贈(zèng)承諾，我們國(guó)家100多個(gè)最富有的人正在承諾將他們一半的財(cái)產(chǎn)捐贈(zèng)給慈善事業(yè)，還有許多草根運(yùn)動(dòng)的出現(xiàn)。比如”我們是那百分之一“、”資源一代“、”共同的財(cái)富“等。在這些組織中，那些最有優(yōu)勢(shì)的成員，那些1%的人和其他有錢的人，其中有成人有青少年，這是最讓我震驚的。他們正在利用自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，利用自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源與不平等抗?fàn)?，通過倡導(dǎo)社會(huì)政策、社會(huì)價(jià)值的改變、人類行為的改變，這有悖于他們自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，但卻會(huì)最終重建美國(guó)夢(mèng)！Thank you.謝謝！內(nèi)容總結(jié)
（1）只不過在這個(gè)游戲里面，那些幫助你贏的游戲的因素，比如技巧、才能和運(yùn)氣在此無(wú)關(guān)緊要，就像對(duì)于人生一樣，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)游戲被操縱了，而你已經(jīng)占了上風(fēng)，你有更多的錢，有更多在棋盤上移動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)以及更對(duì)獲得資源的機(jī)會(huì)