【正文】 he ____ to know about …h(huán)as …h(huán)ad … reached…got _____ him a second letter before I ____ from ……h(huán)ad written… written…h(huán)ear ____ that the soldiers _____ …h(huán)ad …h(huán)as ……h(huán)ad stopped ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough ’t get…h(huán)ad …h(huán)ad got…h(huán)ad …h(huán)adn’t had _______ for five hours when they ______ in New … flown…h(huán)ad arrived…h(huán)ad flown…arrived ____ that it _____ for two days by that …h(huán)as …h(huán)ad …h(huán)ad …rained _____ there since the year before, so he _____ worked… worked…h(huán)ad known……h(huán)ad known _____ angry because he ____ for a long got…h(huán)ad … got……h(huán)ad waited have seen the film “Titanic” __________ you __________ it？The day before ； ； ； ； seen Black __________ in China since five years going to ____________ trees last far we __________ over 3，000 trees ； ； have planted； planted； have planted 練習(xí)答案：)already, yet2)already3)yet)since2)since3)since)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been第四篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別, 但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系, 如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：① Who has opened the door?誰(shuí)把門(mén)開(kāi)了？（現(xiàn)在門(mén)還開(kāi)著）Who opened the door? 誰(shuí)開(kāi)的門(mén)？(指過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在門(mén)是關(guān)著還是開(kāi)著，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。)② — Have you had your lunch?你吃過(guò)午飯沒(méi)有？（意即你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？）— Yes, I 。（意即我現(xiàn)在飽了，不要再吃了。）— When did you have it? 你什么時(shí)候吃的？（說(shuō)話(huà)人感興趣的是“吃”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候。），而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, once, last week,...ago, in1980, in October, just now等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/ until, up to now, in past/last years, always等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, ever, before, already, recently, lately等。，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know等。過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married等。eg.① I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)② He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)句子中如有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.第五篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday , lastweek , amomentago等）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有如下四類(lèi)：⑴現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。⑵現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），sofar（到目前為止），inthe past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。⑶現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。⑷現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。有時(shí)候是根據(jù)表時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)判斷，如果沒(méi)有的話(huà)，就看是著重于問(wèn)一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí)還是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成了對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定影響了這個(gè)事件。你提出的問(wèn)題：你還記得你上次去中國(guó)旅游是什么時(shí)候嗎？（它本身就是問(wèn)現(xiàn)在是否記得嘛，所以說(shuō)一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不存在用過(guò)去式和完成式）did you remember 時(shí)候記得/記起某件事沒(méi)有。have you remembered （已經(jīng)）記住了某件事沒(méi)有。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。如：看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？① Have you seen the film?(A)Did you see the film?(B)[說(shuō)明] 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問(wèn)者對(duì)劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過(guò)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢(xún)問(wèn)做這件事的方式。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說(shuō)明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過(guò)8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。