【正文】 ve seen C. had seen D. have been seen（ ） will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.A. will finish B. finishC. finishing D. finished（ ）, I’ll talk to him.A. does Peter eB. Peter will eC. Peter es D. can Peter e（ ） sister______to see me . She’ll be here soon. A. es B. is ing C. had e D. came（ ） old man said that light______faster than sound.A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。has用于第三人稱單數(shù),have用于其他各種人稱.:其用法主要有三種I.“已完成”用法:表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。這一類情況可以細(xì)致分為下述兩種情況。1）表示開始于過去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（說明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了）I39。ve finished my homework now.現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。（說明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了）2）表示過去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。一般不用時(shí)間狀語。I have lost my pen.我把筆丟了。（說明過去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒找到這支筆）She has bee a teacher.她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了老師。（說明她現(xiàn)在仍是老師）II.“未完成”用法。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在這兒三十年了。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）They39。ve known each other since childhood.他們從小彼此相識(shí)。（現(xiàn)在還在往來）How long have you studied English？你學(xué)英語多久了？（現(xiàn)在仍在學(xué)）:表示從過去開始到目前為止這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞如often,always,every week,twice等連用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾經(jīng)去過頤和園兩次。He has always said .I現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：We have already finished our 。They haven39。t finished their homework 。b. ，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎?I have never been to the Great 。c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。d. 用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：Have you met him today?No,I haven39。t.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？II短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：e, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語，必須將動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如： fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be on open →be open buy→ have get up→ be up die→ be deadgo out→ be out e→ be inclose→be closed arrive→be here join→be in, be a +名詞 finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, borrow →keep go to school→be a student catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)begin to study→study e back→be back put on→wear 或be on如：He has been a soldier for three 。His father has been dead for two 。The film has been on for 5 。We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。I. have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing 。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：I haven39。t left here since ，我一直沒有離開過這兒。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I haven39。t received his letter for almost a month.練習(xí) years years ago month 1999 4 o’clock7 4 hours hour ago were children lunch time she left here2712. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.。Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what39。s happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know knowHe has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago D. a moment agoThe famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing writing written—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . changed 。 well 。 good changed 。 better 。 better Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was 。 studying B. will 。 study C. has 。 studied D. are 。 studying We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knewHarry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice . see seen —These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone —______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . 。 do 。 finished 。 done 。 finished 。 d