【正文】 通，說不通就可以試著通過上下文來推斷或查一下詞典。如果你的詞典里observe有三個釋義，那么你就要注意第二或第三個釋義了，你的推斷如果是“慶?！?，那就對了，此時它的英語等同語應(yīng)該是celebrate,其賓語可以是這篇文章中的victory,(a celebration of)freedom。其他常見的搭配還有什么呢？有節(jié)日（festivals），有生日（birthdays），有周年紀(jì)念（anniversaries）等。這幾個賓語中的birthday因?yàn)樘胀耍赡苡玫蒙傩?。用得多的?yīng)該是anniversaries，因?yàn)樗^之其他兩個更為莊重。從選詞風(fēng)格的角度來說，我們會注意到文章一開始有某些不太常用的詞，如：forebears, prescribes等，可以說forbears這個詞在中、小型詞典中往往是查不到的，你必須查較大的詞典。它的意思是祖先、祖宗，也就是我們一般熟悉的ancestor。兩者用法上有所不同，那就是ancestor的單數(shù)很常見，而forebear則總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式forebears出現(xiàn)，從風(fēng)格上，更具古風(fēng)。Collins Co Build的Essential English Dictionary關(guān)于這個字的旁注是：N count（可數(shù)名詞）/ （一般復(fù)數(shù)）/ Formal（正式）；而ancestor的旁注則沒有后面兩點(diǎn)，由此可見兩者的細(xì)微差別。prescribe這個動詞你不一定見得多，如見到，也多半是它的名詞形式prescription（處方）。prescription是常用詞，而動詞prescribe則較常用于正式場合。關(guān)于這個動詞同一詞典有這樣的第2條釋義：If someone prescribes an action or duty, they state formally that it must be carried ，意思不是別的而是“命令”，必須執(zhí)行。第二段以一個短句開始，與第一段的長句正好相反。唱歌讀詩有節(jié)奏，句子與句子、段與段的關(guān)聯(lián)也有節(jié)奏，如果一篇文章自始至終是緩慢而沉重的長句，讀起來就沉重、缺乏起伏。所以第二段的一個短句不單起著承上啟下的作用，而且還有速度上適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)的作用，賦予了段落一種節(jié)奏感。另外在用詞方面，你會注意到這里又一次出現(xiàn)了forebears，而且還有一個在層次和風(fēng)格上可與之稱兄道弟的mortal hands與它做伴，在一般情況下我們見到的也許會是...holds in his hands the power to...，這里卻多了mortal這一個大家不一定熟悉的詞。mortal屬非常用詞，詞義可以是：不能不死的，不共戴天的，性命攸關(guān)的。在這里應(yīng)作“凡人的”，“人類的”解?；剡^頭來想一下：非要這個詞嗎？沒有它不行嗎？當(dāng)然是人的手，又會是誰的手呢？解答這個問題可以從兩方面來說，一是這是自古以來常用的搭配，無須刨根問底，二是在這里有了mortal這個詞，節(jié)奏鮮明，讀起來感覺更好些，...holds in his mortal hands首先有頭韻[h]，接著有2uldz, m0:tl, h*ndz，其中包含的元音（包括一般作為短元音的*）都有一定長度，它們所含濁輔音及旁流音構(gòu)成的輔音連綴結(jié)尾賦予句子濃厚的韻味效果。講演除了論點(diǎn)清楚，有說服力外，還要考慮如何在公眾場合中取得預(yù)期的最佳效果及如何調(diào)動人們的情緒，此外還需要掌握很多的技巧。它是一種學(xué)問，這種學(xué)問西方政治家們都要鉆研，他們往往把它作為一個課程來學(xué)習(xí)。如果你看過西方政治家的傳記一定已經(jīng)注意到了這個問題。這實(shí)際上是一個始于希臘羅馬時期的西方傳統(tǒng)。對于“瘋狂英語”的倡導(dǎo)人李揚(yáng)人們多有評論，但有一點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該肯定的，那就是革“啞巴英語”的命，初學(xué)者應(yīng)如此，達(dá)到一定程度后，仍然應(yīng)該如此。講到這里，我們再來默默讀一下本篇第4段，這里包含的幾組頭韻與尾韻，使句子富有一種鮮明的節(jié)奏感、音樂感，如：pay any price, bear any burden, wishes us well or ill, oppose any foe（第４段）這類現(xiàn)象你可以在文章中找到很多，多朗讀一遍就會多發(fā)現(xiàn)一個，在此不一一舉例。當(dāng)然除了頭韻、尾韻還有許多其他隱而不現(xiàn)的手段。以下我們抽出幾個以let開頭的句子作簡略的討論。所選的句子是：Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch...to which we are mitted today at home and around the world.（第3段）Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill,...the success of liberty.(第4段)在這樣一個嚴(yán)肅的講演中，也許有人會對出現(xiàn)let somebody do something這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)感到不可思議，因?yàn)樗麄円詾閘et somebody do something只是一個口語中的表達(dá)法，如Let me do 39。s sing the song 、語氣正好與口語中的截然相反，它們含有的是一種號召、命令的口吻。上面所選的兩個句子譯成漢語當(dāng)然可以是：讓每個國家都知道，??； 從現(xiàn)在起，從這個地方開始，讓這個信息傳遞到我們的朋友，也傳遞到我們的敵人那里??。再考慮一下，這樣的口氣是否太婉轉(zhuǎn)了一些而與文章的格調(diào)不相稱呢？為解答這一問題，我們不妨一起看一下當(dāng)代美國慣用法詞典A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage(Evans)的有關(guān)講解：let is also used to form a peculiar imperative（祈使句）that includes the speaker along with the person addressed, as in Let us be true to each ，us也指我們以外的某人或某些人。請?jiān)倏础妒ソ?jīng)》中“創(chuàng)世紀(jì)”第1章3，4，15段： God said, let there be light。and there was light.（上帝說要有光，就有了光。） God saw the light, that it was good。and God divided the light from the darkness.（上帝看光是好的，就把明暗分開了。） let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth and it was so.（上帝說，天上要有光體，并要發(fā)光在天空、普照在大地上，事就這樣成了。）最后，你一定也已經(jīng)注意到此文中有不少運(yùn)用了排比與對偶手段的句子。如第6段中的United, there is little we cannot...Divided, there is little we can do,...第8段中的...not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes，but because it is Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today at home and around the ：born in..., tempered by..., disciplined by..., 也有連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的以形容詞開始的短語proud of..., unwilling to...，也有to which this nation..., and to which we are mitted today at home and around the world這樣的定語從句。第4段中...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe...也是類似情況的排比。當(dāng)然這些排比有時鏗鏘有力，但不當(dāng)則會顯得累贅、不自然，所以一定要注意恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用這種修辭手段。→如果您認(rèn)為本詞條還有待完善，請 編輯詞條 詞條內(nèi)容僅供參考，如果您需要解決具體問題第五篇：肯尼迪就職演說肯尼迪就職演說FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961Vice President Johnson, , Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedomsymbolizing an end, as well as a beginningsignifying renewal, as well as I have sworn I before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters world is very different man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globethe belief that the rights of man e not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritageand unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today at home and around the every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of much we pledgeand those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful , there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative , there is little we can dofor we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split those new States whom we wele to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron shall not always expect to find them supporting our we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedomand to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly