【正文】 （出示課件）師：你知道了什么？師：肌肉怎么參與人體的運動呢?出示課件。你知道了什么? 生交流。四、肌肉保健師：通過今天這節(jié)課的學習與研究，我們有對人體的肌肉有了和以前不一樣的新的知識。讓我們做游戲放松一下。像老師這樣一只手的大拇指和和食指在老師規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)以盡可能快地速度來回捏，另一只手的食指和中指像醫(yī)生摸脈搏一樣放在上面。好活動開始。生活動師：你活動的手上的現(xiàn)在肌肉有什么感覺？ 生:酸麻，疲勞師：肌肉會疲勞，我們應該怎樣做讓肌肉更好的為我們服務呢？ 生交流師：我們看這個資料袋，你會有更多的保健知識。（出示課件）（設計意圖：鞏固部分，融合了體育鍛煉的常識，使學生深刻地感受到科學是無處不在的。）生看師；你們作為小學生如何使肌肉更強壯呢? 生交流師：現(xiàn)在你們長身體的階段，在運動的同時也多吃些有營養(yǎng)的食物。希望大家多參加體育活動，用合理科學的方法，去鍛煉肌肉，爭取每個人都有一個健康結實的身體。師：來看我們的奪冠之路，最好，把掌聲送給他們小組表示祝賀。其他小組成績也不錯。把掌聲送給自己來結束我們今天的科學探究之旅吧。第五篇：中英對照行政主體在對行政相對人作出不利行政決定時，是否必須說明理由，二戰(zhàn)之后伴隨民主法治的發(fā)展，經(jīng)歷從無到有的過程。法國、德國、美國、日本及我國臺灣地區(qū)和澳門地區(qū)的行政程序法都有相關規(guī)定，說明理由已成為行政程序中一項重要的制度。行政主體在作出影響對人權利義務的行政行為時，向相對人說明作出該行為的事實根據(jù)、法律根據(jù)及進行自由裁量時所考慮的公共利益、社會習慣、政策考量等因素。這一方面有利于規(guī)范行政主體依法行使行政權，保障行政合法性和合理性，降低行政恣意和專斷的風險；另一方面，將作出行政決定所依據(jù)的事實、法律根據(jù)及裁量因素告知行政相對人，可以增強相對人對行政決定的理解和認同。此外，如果相對人對行政決定不服，可根據(jù)行政決定的依據(jù)和理由尋求法律救濟，保障其合法權益。本文以行政程序中的說明理由制度為視角，以我國工商系統(tǒng)推行的說理式行政處罰決定的相關案例，總結我國工商系統(tǒng)說明式行政處罰決定書的特點和問題，并在此基礎之上提出完善建議，以期將說理式行政決定書推廣適用到行政處罰、行政強制等執(zhí)法領域，增強行政決定的合理性和正當性，更有效地規(guī)范行政權力，保障公民合法權益。Whether the administrative subject has to give the reasons why making negative administrative decision on administrative counterpart, which appears acpany with the development of democracy and the rule of administrative procedure law in France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Macao of china has relative regulations, and giving the reasons has bee an important system in administrative procedure the administrative subject takes administrative actions that will impact the rights and obligations of the administrative counterpart, it should explain to the administrative counterpart the fact and foundation and the law, on which it take the action, also it should explain the public interests, social habits, policy considerations and other factors that it has to take into account when make one hand, this is conductive to standardize the administrative subject to execute administrative power according to the law, and guarantee the administrative legality and rationality, reduce administrative arbitrariness and abuse of administrative power。on the other hand, to inform the administrative decision basis of facts, law and discretion factors to the administrative counterpart could enhance the understanding and recognition of the decisions for the administrative , if the administrative counterpart doesn’t accept the decisions, could according to the foundations and reasons of the administrative decisions seek for legal redress to protect his/her legal report base on the reasons explanation system to summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and mercial systems, and make suggestions on how to improve it, in order to make the administrative decision be applicable to administrative penalty, administrative pulsory enforcement and other executive fields, to enhance the rationality and legitimacy of the administrative decision, effectively regulate the use of the administrative power, protect the legal rights and interests of the ：The report has five parts:引言部分簡單介紹我國學界關于行政程序中說明理由制度的研究概況，說明當前關于說明理由制度研究重心和熱點問題。The brief introduce the general situation of the study of the reasons explanation system in administrative procedure of our law circles, and illustrates the focus and hot issues in current study of the reasons explanation ，簡要介紹選題依據(jù)和來源，從憲政角度分析行政決定的說理性理論基礎，并從行政機關、行政相對人和受理爭議機關復審三方面分析行政決定說理性的價值所在。第二部分著重研究我國工商系統(tǒng)推行的說理式行政處罰決定書案例，總結工商系統(tǒng)說理式行政處罰決定書的特點及存在的問題。The first part is the general overview of the report, give a brief introduction to the basis and resource of the selection of the topic, analyze the rationality theory foundation of the administrative decision from the constitutional perspective, and analyze the value of the administrative decision rationality from the administrative organ, the administrative counterpart and the request of the controversy dispute acceptance two focuses on the study of the cases on the persuasive administrative penalty notification pushed by our country’s industrial and mercial system, and summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and mercial ，指出當前我國相關立法存在的缺陷和問題。The third part analyzes the current legal regulations in our country on the rationality of the administrative decisions, and point out the existing defects and problems in our country’s relative laws.