【導(dǎo)讀】英國WS,DFrame.Asim討論大型水泥設(shè)備工程的理論可行性。針對西班牙語和法語的版本請參考本雜志的后面特別翻譯部分。廠址選定及設(shè)備的安裝研究。包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的支出預(yù)算。財務(wù)狀況的討論。預(yù)先可行性研究要調(diào)查市場、尋求原材料、籌集資金和準備運營費用，從而擬訂一份商業(yè)計劃。另外可能會給市場帶來負擔(dān)的商業(yè)信息是收費表、進口關(guān)稅和部分的津貼。即使是在自由經(jīng)濟時期，經(jīng)濟的很多方面都與戰(zhàn)略的重要性，以及政府為維持國內(nèi)匯率總會通過確定一定的價格表，或提高進口關(guān)稅的措施有關(guān)。如果取消進口關(guān)稅或者價格只依據(jù)供求關(guān)系來變化，這在市場條件下將是很重大的變化；譬如，國內(nèi)公司會突然發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己毫無競爭能力。次要的生料成分，如粘土或頁巖，需要通過擴大型鉆孔或用移動型液壓開采機進行測試定點開采，也或者一定情況下實行人工開采來證實。這些原料需要進行類似于石灰石的記錄和化學(xué)分

　　

【正文】 ts.Labour and maintenance constraints.The disposition of the raw materials in terms of dip and strike and physical location dictate how the primary and secondary raw material quarries are opened up, how they are to be worked and how the access roads are to be developed. The geological method of deposition and hardness of the raw materials will also determine how the quarry is to be planned and the methods of extraction determined. The moisture content of the raw materials and the change in their characteristics as the moisture content alters has an important effect upon the choice of the primary crusher and storage systems. The moisture content has even greater implications when considering the raw milling system to be proposed in conjunction with the optimum temperature of preheater exit gas. A balance has to be struck between the requirements of the kiln system, the number of cyclone stages that can be used, and the heat requirements of the raw mill for raw materials drying. The level of undesirable chemical elements in the raw materials, such as potassium, sodium, magnesia, chlorides and sulfur requires careful consideration in the selection of the type of kiln system. The varying levels of impurity elements in conjunction with the sulfur in the raw material and possible additional sulfur intake from the kiln fuel, lead to the necessary decisions to be made relating to the acceptance and sizing of a bypass system. The mineralogy can vary greatly among raw materials in different countries. The method of deposition and the occurrence of the chemical elements in each of the raw materials can have a marked effect on the characteristics of bination in the kiln burning process. Notably this leads to variations in kiln fuel conditions. Predictions upon how the rawmaterials will behave when bined in the necessary proportions to obtain a mercial cement, are based upon laboratory burning and grinding tests conducted as part of the feasibility study. Energy and fuel usage are two key matters high on the agenda of all potential and existing cement plant operators. The cement industry has always been very conscious of making the maximum use of heat energy, and to this end heat transfer from the kiln gases to the raw materials, of from the hot clinker to the bustion air, has always been utilized. Today more than ever the efficient use of energy and fuel is sought affair and a range of plant and equipments available for consideration. Technical economy of scale is also an important factor and where the market justify large capacity plant, correspond with reductions in the cost of products are achieved. Energy consumption is be reduced through the use of rollmilling systems for raw meal in plant of tube mills, high efficiency separators in both the raw milling and cement milling departments, low pressure drop cyclones in the preheater of the burning process, and by the preheater of high pressure grinding rolls, and recent introduction of the horizontal roller mill, the socalled Horomill. The selection of the optimum planning processes ensures that the KWh/h electrical power consumption minimised. Fuel consumption is reduced the introduction of efficient cyclones construction with heat resistant tubes and an increase in the number of stages of preheater to mount maximum use of the hot gases leaving from the kiln. Fuel consumption is also siderable affected by the designation ancillary plant such as the kiln separators, gas ducting, kiln burner, flow control valves and instrumentation. Another recent development is the transfer of all the hot exhausted gases form the clinker cooler back onto the raw mill, thus saving on the heat required for drying the raw material. This arrangement also has the acute advantage of reducing the capital of the plant by the elimination of a cipitator or other clinker cooler collection system and its associating equipment.12