【導讀】隨著金融危機逐漸離去，外貿企業(yè)尤其中小外貿企業(yè)也逐漸地回暖。出口由原來的審批制到現(xiàn)在的登記制，越來越多的中小公司都有了出口權。電子商務在中國開展越來越來迅速，應用越來越普及。電子商務能降低企業(yè)成本，提。平等競爭的機會。與大型外貿企業(yè)相比，中小外貿企業(yè)主要的缺陷之一就是資金實力不強。下，與大型外貿企業(yè)相比，中小外貿企業(yè)處于信息不充分和不對稱得劣勢條件下。的競爭態(tài)勢，并作出正確的戰(zhàn)略的定位和決策。本文就在從中小外貿企業(yè)自身的概念、特點出發(fā)，分析目前我國中小外貿企。業(yè)在應用電子商務的過程中存在哪些不足，已經對這些不足提供一些趕進的方法。波特五力分析模型.............3. 福安電機電器產業(yè)集群整體評價..................錯誤!

　　

【正文】 . Feng Fei, an industrial economist at the State Council Development Research Center, said diesel cars should have a much bigger market share than hybrids, fuel cells and other newenergy vehicles. The modern diesel car should also be seen as a newenergy option and China should speed up introduction of such vehicles, Feng said. He predicted diesel cars will occupy 4 percent of China39。s passenger car market by 2021 and 20 percent by 2020. But diesel cars still need to clear major hurdles to take off in the country, including persistent constraints imposed on them and the low quality of diesel fuel in many cities. Feng said hybrids will be put into volume mercial production in 2021 and fuel cells in 2020 as both are very expensive to develop. Hybrid cars will only account for 1 percent of the car market in China by 2021, he said. 中文譯文 A 柴油車有望成為綠色環(huán)保車型 中國作為世界上第二大汽車市場和石油消費國 ,正在積極探求節(jié)油型汽車。 許多汽車生產商 ,從世界聞名的豐田和通用汽車公司，以及中國公司如奇瑞和上汽汽車都正在進行混合燃料電池汽車的研究 .。 混合動力汽車有一個傳統(tǒng)的內燃機以及電機以提高里程。 燃料電池將氫轉換成電力來 推動汽車，而唯一的排出物是水。然而，德國大眾汽車公司 ,目前一直致力于柴油動力汽車，雖然它也計劃明年在上海做混合型汽車為北京奧運會準備。 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設計（論文） 第 22 頁 國內最好的汽車銷售者認為使用柴油機車是最現(xiàn)實可行的解決國家能源和環(huán)境問題的辦法。該公司表示，與同等發(fā)動機容量的汽油機車相比，使用現(xiàn)在的柴油機不會增加汽車價格，并可以節(jié)省 40%的燃料消耗。 中國大眾汽車集團 主席 Winfried vahland 表示：“只有采用能夠為所有人而不是個別人的環(huán)保技術方法，才能實現(xiàn)對環(huán)境的正面積極作用?！? 柴油機 被 大眾汽車公司 列入一項 計劃 中 ,計劃從上一年開始，在中國投入 6 億美元研發(fā)最新 型 引擎和變速箱 ，使到 2021 年實現(xiàn)降低大眾 本地制造汽車的油耗和排放 20%。 該計劃是為響應 中國 的目標 —— 從 2021 年 到 2021 年， 每單位國內生產總值降低能源消耗 20%。 大眾汽車 堅定 地 期望 到 2021 年中國 柴油車 市場將從目前的微不足道到占據 5%10%中國 客車市場分額。 大眾汽車，作為國內唯一的柴油機車生產公司， 5 年前與 第一汽車集團工程總公司合資生 產這種機車。與 2021 年的 16， 000 相比，上一年，它在中國銷售超過 20， 000輛柴油機車。它在中國的銷售量達到 711， 298，增長率達 %。 國務院 發(fā)展研究中心 工業(yè)經濟學研究員 馮飛 表示 , 與混合、 燃料電池等新能源汽車相比， 柴油車應該 會 有一個更大的市場份額 。 馮說 ： “ 現(xiàn)代柴油汽車 ,也應該被視為一種新的能源選擇 。 中國 要 加快引進這些車輛 ?！? 他預測在 2021 柴油車將占據 4%的 中國 客 車市場年 ， 到 2020 年 將達到 20%。 但 在我國 柴油車仍需要 清除 主要障礙 才能得到快速發(fā)展 ,包括持久 耐用性 和在許多城市 的 低質量的柴油燃料 。 馮說 ,混合車型和電池燃料車型分別 將 于 2021年 和 2020年 投入 批量生 產 ,這兩者的發(fā)展 都 需要大量資金投入。 他預計到 2021 年 混合動力汽車只 能 占 1%的 中國客車市場。 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設計（論文） 第 23 頁 附錄 B Connecticut Industry Clusters Connecticut’s clusterbased economic development initiative is built around the idea that nurturing the state’s key industries improves the petitiveness of businesses within these industries, in turn boosting our economy. By bining the market knowledge and expertise of businesses with the talents and resources of government, education and economic development anizations, Connecticut’s industry clusters better prepare each of their members to face the challenges created in the global marketplace. Industry cluster is an economic development concept championed by Dr. Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School. Dr. Porter is respected worldwide as an expert in global economic strategies and was among the first to recognize the power of clusters to boost regional economies. A cluster is defined as a concentration of panies and industries in a geographic region, which are interconnected by the markets they serve, and the products they produce, as well as the suppliers, trade associations and educational institutions. Clusters have been forming naturally for years, both in the . and abroad. The most famous clusters include: Silicon Valley for its microelectronics, biotechnology and venture capital markets。 Route 128 in Massachusetts for its software, puter and munications hardware, and health care technology sectors。 and North Carolina’s Research Triangle for its pharmaceutical, agriculture and telemunications sectors. Creating a business environment in which clusters can grow and prosper takes an enormous amount of cooperation between government and industry. In 1998, a task force of 125 business leaders from Connecticut was assembled to study the best method of implementing clusterbased economic development in our state. The task force identified six industry areas key to Connecticut’s economic petitiveness: manufacturing, financial services, telemunications and information, health care services and high technology. The task force’s research led to the legislation passed in 1998, effectively launching Connecticut’s Industry Cluster Initiative under the 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設計（論文） 第 24 頁 Department of Economic and Community Development. Throughout 1998, progress was made in a number of areas related to nurturing industry clusters. One of the most important acplishments was the establishment of the Governor’s Council on Economic Competitiveness and Technology, posed of CEOs from a crosssection of industries, legislative leaders, heads of key educational institutions, labor representatives, officials of industry associations and several state missioners. The council meets each quarter to monitor cluster progress and find ways to enhance and support it. In October 1998, the BioScience cluster was the first cluster to be formally launched. Overseen by Connecticut United for Research Excellence (CURE), the cluster started with $300,000 in state seed money and $700,000 from industry contributions. The cluster has since received more than $370,000 in additional funds from DECD and $ million in public funds. Currently, more than 110 Connecticut anizations are members of CURE. The cluster’s activities have led to the establishment of a BioScience Facilities Fund totaling $60 million。 administered through Connecticut Innovations, the state’s technology investment arm, the fund will underwrite the development of incubator and lab space. In July 1999, the Aerospace cluster, under the direction of Aerospace Components Manufacturers (ACM), was introduced. The state’s investment of $769,000 was lev