【導(dǎo)讀】機(jī)床上下料機(jī)械手。設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)在于機(jī)械手的各個(gè)部件，如腰座、手臂以及手爪等。設(shè)計(jì)目的主要是減少上下料時(shí)間，降低工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。本次設(shè)計(jì)具體進(jìn)行了機(jī)械。動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線作為先進(jìn)的制造手段在機(jī)械行業(yè)中的地位日益壯大。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的設(shè)計(jì)制造，并形成了一套完整的加工裝載系統(tǒng)。置、檢測(cè)設(shè)備以及輔助機(jī)械等，具有獨(dú)立控制及調(diào)節(jié)作用。工檢測(cè)，最終得到相應(yīng)合格的產(chǎn)品。光電傳感技術(shù)協(xié)調(diào)配合。光電器件將光信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)，在對(duì)產(chǎn)品的特殊。位置進(jìn)行相關(guān)檢測(cè)后，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。生產(chǎn)線的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)在傳感檢測(cè)。周期縮短，便于組織專(zhuān)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，這就要求在自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)中實(shí)現(xiàn)高速化發(fā)展，度，并達(dá)到平穩(wěn)、低磨損、低能耗。指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，特此表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝！導(dǎo)向裝置承擔(dān)手臂的彎矩和扭矩以及回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的慣性矩，確保。立柱作為支承部件，與手臂的回轉(zhuǎn)和升降運(yùn)動(dòng)密切聯(lián)系。直角坐標(biāo)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸會(huì)相對(duì)較大。球坐標(biāo)的空間運(yùn)動(dòng)可以看作兩個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和一個(gè)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，如圖。

　　

【正文】 ipment。 and are designed for job requiring high quantities of parts. A transfer line operates in cycles, similar to a manual assembly line. Each cycle consists of processing times plus the time to transfer parts to their respective next workstations. The slowest workstation on the line sets the pace of the line, just as in assembly line. Line balancing is an important issue to be considered in the preliminary design stage for the flow line production is used to determine optimum allocation of operations at the workstations so as to minimize the cycle time of the line for a given number of workstations, or to minimize the number of the workstations for a given cycle time, by equalizing the loads on the workstations. Line balancing problem is normally associated with design of manual assembly lines. While a number of researchers have addressed this problem for assembly lines, very few people have investigated the problem for automated production lines or transfer lines. Known methods of assembly line balancing optimization problems cannot be used directly for transfer lines because the operations at each workstations are executed simultaneously and the cycle time is equal to the longest process time and not the sum of process times. Dolton et al. (2021) have used a heuristic approach for transfer line balancing, where operations in each workstations are grouped into blocks, and the problem was to find the 緒論 best assignment of operations to blocks that leads to the minimal transfer line cost. For this, they have applied a mixed integer programming approach and a graph optimization technique to solve the problem. Kansu and Lunge (1995) have presented a stochastic methodology for assembly line balancing, where various probably distributions are integrated within a modified COMSOAL algorithm as a means of addressing the uncertainties associated with key assembly line variables. Molten burg (2021) has studied the balancing and scheduling of mixedmodel Ushaped production lines. Chao and De Sou za (2021) have discussed the problem of geic production line balancing for hard disk drive manufacturing and assembly. Archvillain and Simaria (2021) have developed a mathematical programming method for the mixedmodel assembly line balancing problem with parallel workstations and zoning constraints. A skin and Zho u(1997) have described a parallel station heuristic for mixed model production line balancing problem. Boodie and Young(1965) used a heuristic method of assigning available operations firstly in order to decrease the operationtime value and secondly to exchange operations from workstations with the longest time with those of the shortest times. Published works indicate that very few studies have been made online balancing of transfer lines in automotive production environment. This paper presents a detailed study of line balancing of a production transfer line of machining of automotive cylinder blocks with the aim of increasing the machine utilization and throughput of the line. The required throughput is not achieved due to high cycle time of some of the operations in parison to the cycle time remended by the manufactures of the puter numerical control (CNC) machines. This causes the line imbalance. Three main operation lines of the transfer line were identified as critical and having the highest cycle time and were chosen for optimization study. Strategies of resequencing of existing operations and tools were used to reduce the cycle time of these critical operations. Results of a simulation study using Simul8 software are also presented to demonstrate the increase in machine utilization and throughput as a result of line balancing. 2. Cylinder block production line 緒論 The cylinder block production line consists of 16 major operations served by an asynchronous conveyor. Some of these operations consist of several machining workstations (involving CNC machines). The cylinder blocks enter the system at a loading station where they are loaded manually in a batch size on to the conveyor. Each station can process only one part at a time. Few parts are held as buffer after each operation for the possible starvation (condition in which a workstation is idle and waits for the previous workstation to plete the machining on the ponent). Each operation has some associated scrap rate, which forms the percentage rejected back to the system. The main machining processes performed on the block consist of milling, drilling, and reaming processes to create a large number of features on the block. All the operations are connected through conveyors and have some buffers to avoid the situation of starvation in case of any breakdown before each operation on the conveyors. Processing starts at Operation10 (OP10), where the blocks are loaded, and pletes at Operation160 (OP160) with the final leak test, after passing through various operations. OperationOP20, OP30 and OP70 perform the major machining operations and they each have two legs of parallel workstations. All other operations have single le g of workstations. The intermediate operations OP40, OP50 and OP60 are wash, leak test and bearing cap assembly operations, respectively. At these operations, blocks are cleaned and the casting cavities are checked for the leaks. Bearing caps are assembled before the block undergoes final major machining at OP70. Other operations on the line perform finishing and testing operations. 5. Balancing of machining operations The total cycle at an operation is obtained by adding both the machining time and nonmachining time. The cycle time can be reduced by eliminating or reducing the value added activity and/or the nonvalue added activity. Nonvalue added activity is the time when a tool moves from one position to another in between the actual machining of a