【導(dǎo)讀】土運輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟、高效、低耗的運輸設(shè)備。該車具有為適應(yīng)重載工況而特殊設(shè)計的懸掛系。動橋，其輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩比同功率公路車大30%以上，爬坡能力強勁，重載起步順暢。動系）的主要參數(shù)的選擇。時，分別作出了驅(qū)動力—行駛阻力平衡圖，動力特性圖，功率平衡圖。度倒數(shù)曲線求出汽車的加速時間，估算了該車的加速性能。通過計算結(jié)果顯示，此汽車在動力性和經(jīng)濟性方面滿足了設(shè)計任務(wù)書的要求。空載和滿載時汽車的質(zhì)心位置以及軸荷分配。

　　

【正文】 整車的性能達(dá)到了現(xiàn)代重型載貨自卸車的要求，滿足了設(shè)計任務(wù)，達(dá)到了汽車在動力性，燃油經(jīng)濟性等方面的要求，同時也使我對汽車設(shè)計工作的全過程有了一個更深入的了解，鞏固了所學(xué)知識，鍛煉了自己，提高了自己的實踐能力，也為即將走向工作崗位打下了一定的基礎(chǔ)。 通過與 TL3400 自卸車的性能比較， 該車 配裝中國重汽 節(jié)油發(fā)動機 336馬力 ， 大速比驅(qū)動后 橋 ， 動力強勁、扭矩十足，油耗明顯降低 。質(zhì)心位置降低，轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑變小，機動性更好。當(dāng)然，還存在一 些不足，如：由于備胎至于車架下方使得汽車的縱向通過性變差；驅(qū)動橋尺寸偏大造成中橋與后橋之間的傳動軸夾角偏大等 。這也為以后對本車的改進工作留下了很大的空間，很有必要對其主要零部件（懸架、中后橋）做進一步的優(yōu)化升級，一些細(xì)節(jié)還需優(yōu)化。 當(dāng)然，這畢竟是我在設(shè)計汽車方面的第一次嘗試，缺少知識和實踐的對接，這些都需要在以后的工作和學(xué)習(xí)中做進一步的充實和彌補。 車輛與動力工程學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 29 參考文獻 [1]陳家瑞 汽車構(gòu)造 上、下冊，第二版 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， [2]中國汽車技術(shù)研 究中心 ，中國汽車產(chǎn)品證委會 . 中國汽車車型手冊專用車卷 [3]張文春 汽車?yán)碚? 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 [4]王望予 汽車設(shè)計 第四版 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， [5]汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編 中國汽車技術(shù) 研究中心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所 1986 [6]趙克利、孔德文 底盤結(jié)構(gòu)與技術(shù) 北京：化工工業(yè)出版社 [7]馮晉祥 專用汽車設(shè)計 北京 :機械工業(yè)出版社 [8]吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)汽車教研室 汽車設(shè)計 北京 :機械工業(yè)出版社 [9]機械設(shè)計手冊 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 [10]汽車設(shè)計手冊 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 [11]曾東健 汽車制造工藝學(xué) 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 [12]孫桓、陳作模 機械設(shè)計 第七版 北京：高等教育出版社 [13]濮良貴 、紀(jì)名剛 機械原理 第六版 北京：高等教育出版社 [14]中國汽車技術(shù)研究中心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所 汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編 6 [15]劉錚、王建昕 汽車發(fā)動機原理教程 北京：高等教育出版社 [16]劉茂光 汽車輪胎手冊 北京：人民交通出版社 1987： 132145 [17]于玉蘭 人機工程學(xué) 北京：北京理工大學(xué)出版社 1999： 2432 車輛與動力工程學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 30 致謝 在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計的過程中，我遇到了不少的問題，單憑自己的知識和能力是無法解決的，除了查閱相關(guān)資料外，在此過程中我得到了老師和同學(xué)們的大力幫助，尤其是指導(dǎo)老師曹艷玲老師的耐心指導(dǎo)和細(xì)心幫助，她教我如何查閱資料，如何建立設(shè)計思路，在我遇到問題是又及時給與幫助和指導(dǎo)，使得我在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計的過程中少了許多迷茫，也使得畢業(yè)設(shè)計可以順利有序地進行。曹老師認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)我們得到了全組甚至整個專業(yè)同學(xué)的一致好評。在此我代表我個人及全組同學(xué)向曹老師 表示衷心的感謝！同時在設(shè)計的過程中也得到了系里 其他老師的幫助，比如徐銳良老師，李水良老師曹青梅老師，諸位老師都在畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中給與了我知道和幫助，在這里向你們表示真誠的謝意！ 此外，由于我做的是底盤總體設(shè)計，在布置各部件時，最主要的是要考慮各部件能否布置的下，其運動是否發(fā)生干涉，由于沒有經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)常需要改動，這樣同組的同學(xué)在設(shè)計的過程中也要跟著做相應(yīng)的改動，正是有了同學(xué)們的支持與合作 才使得我們的設(shè)計能夠緊張而有序的進行，在此也非常感謝同學(xué)們的配合與協(xié)作。 車輛與動力工程學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 31 The English Instruction Dump Truck A dump truck or production truck is a truck used for transporting loose material(such as sand,gravel or dirt)for typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated openbox bed hinged at the rear,the front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of the UK the term applies to offroad construction plant only and the road vehicle is known as a tipper. Standard Dump Truck A standard dump truck is a full truck chassis with a dump body mounted to the dump body is raised by a hydraulic ram mounted forward of the front bulkhead,between the truck cab(traction unit)and the dump body (semitrailer).The tailgate can be configured to swing on hinges or it can be configured in the “ High Lift Tailgate” format where in pneumatic rams lift the gate open and up above the dump body. A standard dump truck has one front axle and one or more rear axles which typically have dual wheels on each configuration for a standard dump truck include the six wheeler which has one rear axle,the ten wheeler with two rear axles and the triaxle with three rear are mainly found in inner cities and in the Deep South. The short wheelbase of a standard dump truck makes it more maneuverable than the higher capacity semitrailer dump trucks. Offroad Dump Trucks Offroad dump trucks more closely resemble heavy construction equipment or 車輛與動力工程學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 32 engineering vehicles than they do highway dump are used strictly offroad for mining and heavy dirt hauling jobs. The term ‘ Dump’ Truck is not generally used by the mining industry or by the manufactures that build these more appropriate US term for this strictly off road vehicle is ‘ Haul’ classification bottom and side for example,describing how the loaded material is discharged once the case of the Haul truck illustrated,a Liebherr T 282B the load is discharged to the rear,designing this particular vehicle as an end dump normally describes a trailer that discharges its load by opening two clam shell doors under the load space,in some examples several trailers(road train)are pulled by one truck mainly these are on road only remaining example of what is described as a unitized bottom dump coal hauler is manufactured by Kress large capacity truck is used for the transportation of coal from a loading device directly to a power station or bulk storage area. Winter Service Vehicle Many winter service vehicle units are based on dump trucks to allow the placement of ballast to weigh the truck down or to hold salt for spreading on the road. Semi Trailer and Dump Truck A semi end dump is a tractortrailer bination where in the trailer itself contains the hydraulic typical semi end dump has a 3axle tractor pulling a 2axle key advantage of a semi end dump is rapid key disadvantage is that they are very unstable when raised in the dumping position limiting their use in many applications where the dumping location is uneven or off level. 車輛與動力工程學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 33 Main Component Parts of Tractor Automobile Both the tractor and the automobile are plex selfpropelled machines consisting of separate interacting machanisms and units that can be bined into certain groups. The arrangement of the main ponent parts of the tractor is shown in of particular design features,all tractors consist of engine,drive line,running gear,steering mechanism,working attachments and auxiliary equipment. The engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. The drive line prise a set of mechanisms which transmit the torque developed by the engine to the driving wheels or tracks and change the driving torque both in magnitude and direction,The drive line includes the cluth,flexible coupling,transmission and rear axle. The cluth serves to disconnect the engine shaft from the transmission for a short period of time while the drivers is shifting gears and also to connect smoothly the flow of power from the engine to the driving wheels or tracks when starting the tractor fr