【導(dǎo)讀】一個(gè)理論模型通過(guò)由深度訪談收集到的密切關(guān)注的文本數(shù)據(jù)而發(fā)展起來(lái)。法建立一個(gè)關(guān)于中國(guó)老年人旅游動(dòng)機(jī)的模型。這個(gè)模型由兩個(gè)主要方面組成：。過(guò)家庭責(zé)任與支持；內(nèi)部需求包括提升幸福感，獲得自由，社交，求知，驕傲和愛(ài)國(guó)主義，個(gè)人獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與懷舊之情。前四個(gè)因素被生活的連續(xù)性原理所影響，然而獲取知識(shí)，驕傲和愛(ài)國(guó)主義被想獲取尊重的原理所影響。更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，中文使年齡認(rèn)可。所謂“老人”在中國(guó)社會(huì)交往方面引起的呼應(yīng)比許多西方國(guó)家多。歲生日，稱為''''大壽，標(biāo)志著提升到著名的高的狀態(tài)。55歲以上的客戶需要支付大量的保費(fèi)，以參加旅行團(tuán)，以及高級(jí)旅客在。某些群體的比例不能超過(guò)20％。主題，這似乎以上的諺語(yǔ)集是老人們大概具備的知識(shí)。中國(guó)老齡化速度比其他任何國(guó)家。中國(guó)60歲及以上的已經(jīng)由2021. 拉的激勵(lì)因素模式，他們開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查文書(shū)。關(guān)中國(guó)的旅游動(dòng)機(jī)陣列老化現(xiàn)象。這是一個(gè)最終影響人行為的嘗試，以及

　　

【正文】 f a traditional theory (. Subbotsky, 1995). The second class consists of learned motives that operate through social incentives. People seek the approval of others and will refrain from activities that lead to disapproval. Motives in this class depend primarily on the reaction of others. The third class of motives consists of cognitively based anticipations. Individuals set goals for themselves and their behaviors are guided by these selfdetermined expectations and perceptions. The concept of self is very much in play in this classification of motivation. The self is a social construction, as well as a social constructor. Therefore, ―it adjusts to changes, and at least two areas where changes occur, are from aging and the environment‖ (Eyetsemitan amp。 Gire, 2021, p. 60). The change from aging is best exemplified in the developing societies where as people bee older, most bee dependent on their children for support (Kagitcibasi, 1996). An example of the change from the environment in developing societies such as China is due to acculturation influences or modernization. How and to what extent does the adjustment of self by Chinese seniors to the environmental changes affect their motivation for leisure travel are unique questions to ponder as the authors conceptualize a model of tourism motivation for China‘s seniors. The survey This study adopted the grounded theory approach with the aim of developing a theoretical model of travel motivations for Chinese seniors. Grounded theory is one of the most developed inductive research methods (Glaser amp。 Strauss, 1967). Differentiated from deductive and quantitative methods in which the data reliability centers on sample size, there is an emphasis on depth and quality rather than sample size in inductive methods such as grounded theory (Eisenhardt, 1989). Corbin and Strauss (1990, p. 8,9) stated that the aim of grounded theory is not to generalize findings to a broader population per se, and the sampling ―proceeds not in terms of drawing samples of specific groups of individuals, units of time, and so on, but in terms of concepts, their properties, dimensions, and variations.‖ This study designed a survey procedure that focused on the depth and richness of interview data to conceptualize motivations underlying the phenomenon of senior tourism in China. A total of 27 personal interviews were conducted in late 2021 in the capital city of Beijing, and the trendsetting city of Shanghai. The two cities were selected following the te of open sampling, which was described by Strauss and Corbin (1990, p. 181) as ―sampling those persons, places, situations that will provide the greatest opportunity to gather the most relevant data about the phenomenon under investigation.‖ Beijing and Shanghai are the largest metropolises in China, with their urban residents earning higher per capita ine than the rest of the country according to the most recent survey (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2021). Both cities are characterized by long life expectancy of their residents and therefore larger proportion of seniors than most other urban centers. More than 15% of Beijing‘s 12 million residents are considered senior, and the growth rate of senior population is expected to continue at five percent a year (Xi, 2021). The capital city also has the highest percentage of retirees who live on stable pensions and who had collegelevel education. Travel has bee a favorable lifestyle pursuit by these seniors (Hai, 2021). Shanghai, known as the trendsetter of lifestyles, is dubbed the first aging city in China. The 2021 census shows that million seniors (60 and above) made up % of the city’ s population (CITS, 2021). Among over 600 outbound tour operators located in Shanghai in 2021, more than 100 offered tour packages specially designed for senior travelers, as pared to no more than 30 such providers in 2021 (Ren, 2021). All of the interviews were conducted in Chinese. Sixteen interviews were conducted in Beijing and 11 in Shanghai. Most of the interview sessions took around 40 to 50 minutes, with a few lasting more than one hour. All the interviews were digitally recorded and the facial expressions and gestures of the interviewees were noted by the interviewer. Some potential respondents were approached in public areas, such as munity mon areas and public parks, with permission obtained from the munity mittee. Ten seniors in Beijing and 11 in Shanghai were approached in public areas, with 4 and 8 in each location, respectively, who refused to participate. The other senior interviewees were referred to by friends. A predesigned interview record sheet containing questions both in Chinese and English was used. The questions are both semistructured and openended to encourage free expressions of interviewees‘ thoughts and feelings. The interviewer applied probing and paraphrasing to facilitate recalls and allow delayed responses. Questions were anized in three categories of views and motivation of leisure travel, factors influencing the realization of their travel, and their actual travel behaviors/trip characteristics. Some basic demographic information was also gathered. Digital recordings of the interviews were transcribed into text for data analysis. An indexing method was used to anize the data. The analysis of the data involves disaggregating the mass of text into meaningful and related parts or categories, which allowed the researchers to rearrange and analyze this data systematically. Guided by the structure of the interviews and the research aim of this project, data were categorized into main themes and subthemes. The analysis followed the guidelines of grounded theory approach (Strauss amp。 Corbin, 1998). The approach allows a theoretical concept or model to be delineated through an intense scrutiny of data rather than through testi