【導(dǎo)讀】課程表問題是一個受限于課程、時間、教師、教室四因素的多元受限的問題，同時，必須考慮教學(xué)資源沖突和緊張的問題，由此帶來的教師到不同校。同的人有不同的看法。因此對排課結(jié)果的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很難達(dá)到固定和量化，那么對。排課系統(tǒng)的評價分析也就十分重要。利用計算機(jī)輔助進(jìn)行課表編排工作，既提高。使學(xué)校教務(wù)管理現(xiàn)代化邁上了一個新臺階?？简灹伺耪n人的智慧。傳統(tǒng)的人工進(jìn)行排課，最令人擔(dān)心的問題就是——出現(xiàn)教。而且工作繁瑣，工作量巨大。術(shù)應(yīng)用于學(xué)校的課程安排是發(fā)展的必然。充分發(fā)揮計算機(jī)的優(yōu)勢，將大量復(fù)雜的。判斷與運算交給計算機(jī)來做，是真正意義上的人腦的“減負(fù)”。合理的解決，大部分是以犧牲其他方面為代價的。計算機(jī)排課系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是形成采用框架式可維護(hù)的排課策略庫。

　　

【正文】 ）按“退出”按鈕退出，回到 Windows。 【 2】更改系統(tǒng)設(shè)置（可選）。進(jìn)入主窗體后，按“系統(tǒng)”按鈕，進(jìn)入“系統(tǒng)設(shè)置”窗體。如果需要更改運行密碼，就輸入 原密碼，再輸入新密碼，再輸入一遍新密碼讓計算機(jī)確認(rèn)。如果需要更改系統(tǒng)其他設(shè)置（各模塊是否自動保存數(shù)據(jù)；排課時是否有響聲提示；是否顯示提示），可以選擇或不選有關(guān)項。最后按“確定”按鈕，回主窗體。以后使用本軟件時必需輸入密碼。 如果不需要更改默認(rèn)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)置，則本步驟可省略。 （二）登錄界面 本系統(tǒng)的使用對象主要為教務(wù)辦相關(guān)老師，使用對象有限，不需要有太復(fù)雜的權(quán)限限制機(jī)制。本著簡單、實用的原則，只提供了一般用戶和超級用戶兩種類型的用戶。兩種用戶主要是在功能的使用權(quán)限上有所區(qū)別。 超級用戶可以執(zhí)行所有操作，主要 是供排課老師使用；一般用戶只能執(zhí)行結(jié)果查詢，打印的功能，主要供非教務(wù)辦老師操作，給其結(jié)果查詢、打印的權(quán)限。 登錄界面如下： 登陸 程序 流程如下： 輸入登陸信息 信息正確？ 提示錯誤信息 F T 是超級用戶還是普通用戶 ？ 一般用戶 排課結(jié)果查詢 排課結(jié)果打印 用戶信息修改 基本信息修改 開課信息修改 排課生成及結(jié)果查詢 結(jié)果打印 手動異常處理 用戶信息修改 超級用戶 （三）信息設(shè)置 信息修改部分主要提供排課所需的基本數(shù)據(jù)的輸入、修改功能。其中又分為基本信息和開課信息兩部分。 基本信息主要是對班級表、教師表和教室表的輸入、修改。由于這三個表的結(jié)構(gòu)相對較簡單，只是為以后的排課提供輔助信息，所以其中沒有什么復(fù)雜的算法，只提供了簡單的輸入 、修改功能。界面如下： （四）開課計劃表 開課信息是對開課信息的導(dǎo)入和修改，是較重要的一部分，它對其后的排課影響重大，是用戶對教學(xué)資源的申請界面如下： （五）課程表形的成與打印預(yù)覽 數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入是將已給出的開課計劃轉(zhuǎn)化為開課數(shù)據(jù)庫，點擊開始排課，顯示排課完畢后，點擊查看課表，可以看到計算機(jī)自動排出的課程表，界面如下： 這個課表經(jīng)過人工核查后如果有不合適的排課，如距離問題，時間問題等，則進(jìn)入修改界面： 如果一切問題都解決了，那么真正的課程表也就實現(xiàn)了，觀看打印預(yù)覽，如果課程表是合理的，沒有錯誤 的，那么就可以打印了，打印預(yù)覽界面如下： 結(jié)論 經(jīng)過三個多月的設(shè)計和開發(fā)， 排課 系統(tǒng)基本開發(fā)完畢。其 排課 功能基本 完成 ，能夠完成 課程安排的手動和自動排課相結(jié)合的功能 及各類相關(guān)報表的打印。并提供部分系統(tǒng)維護(hù)功能 ,使用戶方便進(jìn)行 用戶密碼和權(quán)限管理功能 。對于數(shù)據(jù)的一致性的問題也通過程序進(jìn)行了有效的解決。 但是由于畢業(yè)設(shè)計時間較短 和本人能力的不足 ，所以該系統(tǒng)還有許多不盡如人意的地方，比如 缺少 聯(lián)機(jī)文檔，出錯處理不夠等多方面問題。這些都有待進(jìn)一步 改善。 特別是在易用性方面還存在不少問題。這些都是在做開發(fā)時做的不夠的地方，由于每個高校課程安排，人員配置，教學(xué)資源安排和教學(xué)地點分布不同，所以一個排課系統(tǒng)只能適用于一類或者幾類學(xué)校，而且，由于不同課程科目教學(xué)方法不同，所以排課系統(tǒng)并沒有把手工調(diào)整從機(jī)器中解脫出來，以后我將盡量注意相關(guān)問題，爭取做得更好。 he new army slippers. How nice my handkerchiefs look, don39。t they? Hannah washed and ironed them for me, and I marked them all myself, said Beth, looking proudly at the somewhat uneven letters which had cost her such labor. Bless the child! She39。s gone and put `Mother39。 on them instead of `M. March39。. How funny! cried Jo, taking one up. Isn39。t that right? I thought it was better to do it so, because Meg39。s initials are ., and I don39。t want anyone to use these but Marmee, said Beth。, looking troubled. It39。s all right, dear, and a very pretty idea, quite sensible too, for no one can ever mistake now. It will please her very much, I know, said Meg, with a frown for Jo and a smile for Beth. There39。s Mother. Hide the basket, quick! cried Jo, as a door slammed and steps sounded in the hall. Amy came in hastily, and looked rather abashed when she saw her sisters all waiting for her. Where have you been, and what are you hiding behind you? asked Meg, surprised to see, by her hood and cloak, that lazy Amy had been out so early. Don39。t laugh at me, Jo! I didn39。t mean anyone should know till the time came. I only meant to change the little bottle for a big one, and I gave all my money to get it, and I 39。m truly trying not to be selfish any more. As she spoke, Amy showed the handsome flask w hich replaced the cheap one, and looked so earnest and humble in her little effort to fet herself that Meg hugged her on the spot, and Jo pronounced her `a trump39。, while Beth ran to the window, and picked her finest rose to ornament the stately bottle. You see I felt ashamed of my present, after reading and talking about being good this morning, so I ran round the corner and changed it the minute I was up, and I39。m so glad, for mine is the handsomest now. Another bang of the street door sent the basket under the sofa, and the girls to the table, eager for breakfast. Merry Christmas, Marmee! Many of them! Thank you for our books. We read some, and mean to every day, they all cried in chor us. Merry Christmas, little daughters! I39。m glad you began at once, and hope you will keep on. But I want to say one word before we sit down. Not far away from here lies a poor woman with a little newborn baby. Six children are huddled into one bed to keep from freezing, for they have no fire. There is nothing to eat over there, and the oldest boy came to tell me they were suffering hunger and cold. My girls, will you give them your breakfast as a Christmas present? They were all unusually hungry, having waited nearly an hour, and for a minute no one spoke, only a minute, for Jo exclaimed impetuously, I39。m so glad you came before we began! May I go and help carry the things to the poor little children? asked Beth eagerly. I shall take the cream and the muffings, added Amy, heroically giving up the article she most liked. Meg was already covering the buckwheats, and piling the bread into one big plate. I thought you39。d do it, said Mrs. March, smiling as if satisfied. You shall all go and help me, and when we e back we will have bread and milk for breakfast, and make it up at dinnertime. They were soon ready, and the procession set out. Fortunately it was early, and they went through back streets, so few people saw them, and no one laughed at the queer party. A poor, bare, miserable room it was, with broken windows, no fire, ragged bedclothes, a sick mother, wailing baby, and a group of pale, hungry children cuddled under one old quilt, trying to keep warm. How the big eyes stared and the blue lips smiled as the girls went in. Ach, mein Gott! It is good angels e to us! said the poor woman, crying for joy. Funny angels in hoods and mittens, said Jo, and set them to laughing. In a few minutes it really did seem as if kind spirits had been at wor k there. Hannah, who had carried wood, made a fire, and stopped up the broken panes with old hats and her own cloa k. Mrs. March gave the mother tea and gruel, and forted her with promises of help, while she dressed the little baby as tenderly as if it had been her own. T he girls meantime spread the table, set the children round the fire, and