【導讀】臥式鏜床的電氣控制部分用PLC實現(xiàn)。第8周：中期檢查；統(tǒng)的機床，接線復雜，排故障困難。目前許多國家對開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進行研究，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。接制動，熔斷器FU1和FU2分別對M1和M2電動機主電路進行短路保護，QS為電路隔離開關(guān)。方式控制快速移動電動機；主軸電動機和液壓泵電動機設置過載保護。

　　

【正文】 反接制動。 具體過程： ① KT 斷電： KT 的常開觸點（ T0）斷開→ KM5 斷電→ M1（雙速電動機）只能三角形低速運行； KT 的常閉觸點閉合→ KM4（ Y4）通電，為 M1 反接制動做準備 ② KM3 斷電→ KM3 主觸點斷開→ M1 定子繞組接入電阻 R； KM1 常閉觸點閉合→為 KM2 工作做準備 ③ KM1 斷電： KM1 主觸點斷開→ M1 斷電，靠慣性運轉(zhuǎn) ④ M1 慣性運轉(zhuǎn)的初速很高，使 SRZ 常開觸點（ X15）還閉合→ KM2 得電，開始反接制動 ⑤ KM2 得電 : KM2 常閉觸點斷開→它與 KM1 聯(lián)鎖，使 KM1 不能得電 。KM2常開觸點閉合自鎖→ SB1 松開后使 KM2 還通電， M1 繼續(xù)制動 ⑥ 當 M1 速度≤ 120r/min 時→ SRZ 常開觸點（ X15）斷開→ KM KM4 斷電→M1 停轉(zhuǎn)，制動結(jié)束。 （ 8） 反向反接制動 M1（雙 速電動機）反轉(zhuǎn)時使 SRF 的常開觸點（ X14）閉合，同樣為反接制動做準備。在按下停止按鈕 SB1（ X0）時，制動過程與正向反接制動相同。 （ 9） 快速進給控制 為了縮短輔助時間，加快調(diào)整的速度，機床各移動部件都可快速移動。采用一臺快速移動電動機 M2 單獨拖動，通過不同的齒輪齒條等連接來完成各方向的快速移動，這些均由快速移動操作手柄控制。當將快速移動操作手柄向里推時，行程開關(guān) SQ5(X13)被壓合，接觸器 KM6（ Y6）通電吸合， M2 正向起動，通過齒輪、齒條等實現(xiàn)快速正向移動；松開操作手柄，則 SQ5 復位， KM6 失電， M2停轉(zhuǎn) 。反之，將快速移動操作手柄向外拉時，壓合 SQ6（ X12），使 KM7（ Y7）通電吸合， M2 反向起動，實現(xiàn)快速反向移動。 （ 10） 聯(lián)鎖保護裝置 為了防止在工作臺或主軸箱快速進給時又將主軸進給手柄扳倒自動快速進給的誤操作，就采用了與工作臺和主軸箱進給手柄有機械連接的行程開關(guān) SP1，與主軸進給手柄連接的是行程開關(guān) SP2。電動機 M M2 必須在 SP SP2 兩個都不閉合的情況下才能啟動。 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 21 第 6 章 結(jié)論與展望 本文從工程實踐出發(fā)，對 T68 鏜床的電氣控制系統(tǒng)的改造進行了深入的研究，取得了以下幾個方面的成果： （ 1） 設計了鏜床控制系統(tǒng)的 硬件，根據(jù)機床的實際要求和計算， PLC 的型號，對輸入輸出點進行了分配，設計了電力拖動系統(tǒng)的主回路電路圖、 PLC 的外部接線圖。 （ 2） 設計了 PLC 的控制程序，介紹了 PLC 程序的設計方法，成功率高的經(jīng)驗設計的編程方法，并根據(jù)它設計了相應的 PLC 程序。這種設計方法簡單易學，節(jié)約了大量的設計時間。 （ 3） 對 T68 鏜床控制系統(tǒng)改造進行安裝與調(diào)試，對調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的問題進行了分析，提出了解決方案，并成功解決了問題。改造后的系統(tǒng)最大的特點是具有很強的故障診斷能力，該機床經(jīng)過改造后 ,使用的電器元件大為減少 ,控制線路簡化了 ,經(jīng)過一段時間的試 運行 ,效果良好 ,故障明顯減小 ,生產(chǎn)效率顯著提高 .因此，對 T68 鏜床進行 PLC的改造，滿足了系統(tǒng)的要求，達到預期的效果。 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 22 致 謝 通過這一階段的畢業(yè)設計，我受益匪淺，不僅鍛煉了良好的邏輯思維能力，而且培養(yǎng)了棄而不舍的求學精神和嚴謹作風?；仡櫞舜萎厴I(yè)設計，是大學 四 年所學知識很好的總結(jié)。此次 設計 T68 鏜床的 PLC 改造課題 不僅重溫了過去所學知識，而且學到了很多新的內(nèi)容。相信這次畢業(yè)設計對我今后的工作會有一定的幫助。所以，我很用心的把它完成。在設計中體味艱辛，在艱辛中體味快樂。 通過這次設計，在很高程度上彌補了我的理 論知識的不足，進一步鞏固了我們的理論知識，讓我學得更扎實，對PLC 的認識更加形象，在這里我還要感謝我的專業(yè)老師，是你們和我一起度過了緊張愉快的大學生活，這將是我人生中永遠值得回憶的一段美好時光。 大學的學習生活即將結(jié)束，在此，我要感謝所有曾經(jīng)教導過我的老師和關(guān)心過我的同學，他們在我學習過程中給予了很大的幫助。本課題能夠成功的完成，要特別感謝我的指導老師的關(guān)懷和教導，也感謝各位同學的關(guān)心和幫助。最后還要感謝我的父母，是他們一直在背后支持著我。 最后，我要向在百忙之中抽時間對本文進行審閱、評議和參加本人論文答辯 的各位老師表示感謝！ 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 23 參考文獻 [1] 史國生 .電氣控制與可編程控制器技術(shù) .化學工業(yè)出版社， ~18 [2] 王維義 .拓展舊機床數(shù)控化改造的市場 .中國機電工業(yè)， ~35 [3] 卜基橋 .讓老機床煥發(fā)青春 .現(xiàn)代制造， ~13 [4] 熊辜明 .機床電路原理與維修 .北京人民郵政出版社， ~9 [5] 高 偉 .西門子 $7200 系列 PLC 在舊機床上改造的應用 .煤炭技術(shù)， ~5 [6] 方承遠 .工廠電氣控制技術(shù) .機械工業(yè)出版社， ~35 [7] Michel Logic Controllers:Architecture and Application . 48~49 [8] 高欽和 .可編程控制器應用技術(shù)與設計實例 .北京人民郵電出版社， ~19 [9] . Programmabe Controllers: and Application..New York:MC . 8~11 [10] 袁任光 .可編程控制器應用技術(shù)與實例 .華南理工大學出版社， ~44 [11] 陳立定 .電氣控制與可編程 序控制器的原理及應用 .北京機械工業(yè)出版社， ~7 [12] 周恩濤 .可編程控制器原理及其在液壓系統(tǒng)中的應用 .北京機械工業(yè)出版社， ~8 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 24 附 錄 附錄 A 外文資料 PLC technique discussion and future development Electronic Test Equipmentprinciples and Applications. Princeton University. America. Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the petition plays more more strong。 the operation that list depends the artificial has already can39。t satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can39。t guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel39。s labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many plicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., welltrained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person39。s brain and calculators, with the mode that person39。s machine bine, for resolve the very plicated problem to look for the best path We e in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grassroots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only。And the PLC emergence also became the epochmaking topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 25 The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can. PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people39。s address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation。 The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine。 The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to bee tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU putes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space. The PLC anti interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer bee the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to e to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle. PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy prehended the PLC language, and a lot of non electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC. Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people prehend more and easily, in a lot of equipmentses, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept。 But lead even 石家莊鐵道大學四方學院畢業(yè)設計 26 is a fatal error greatly is what we can39。t is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understa