20xx年考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必備手冊(cè)-資料下載頁(yè)
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【導(dǎo)讀】表示感知的動(dòng)詞：hear,feel,notice,recognize,see,taste,smell；表示意愿、情感的動(dòng)詞：desire,dislike,five,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,表示思考、看法的動(dòng)詞：believe,doubt,expect,fet,hope,feel,mean,know,表示所有、占有的動(dòng)詞：belongto,owe,own,possess,hold(容納)；begoingto表示現(xiàn)在的打算和意圖；arrive,e,drive,go,leave,retire,return,setoff,start,takeoff等表示移位的動(dòng)。詞的進(jìn)行體表示按計(jì)劃肯定要發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作；be,begin,e,depart,getoff,go,leave,return,start的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按日歷。在makesure,makecertain,see后的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。字)years/days/months，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但在itis+具體時(shí)間since/before這一。句型中，主句常用過(guò)去完。其他與完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：allthiswhile,allthisyear,forsometime,sofar,
【正文】 弄清現(xiàn) 在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別 分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于省略了的定語(yǔ)從句，考生應(yīng)掌握： (1)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)意義。如： It’ s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our everincreasing world.(相當(dāng)于 the changes which take place...) There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相當(dāng)于 which gave...) How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相當(dāng)于 How many of us who will attend...) (2)過(guò)去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動(dòng)意義。如： Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. (相當(dāng)于? recapture of the port which had been announced? ) Just as the value of a telephone work increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a puter system increase with each program that turns out. (相當(dāng)于? each new phone which is added to? ) The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature. (相當(dāng)于? description which was based on? ) (3)下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義： deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtravelled, newly arrived, recently e。如： an escaped prisoner 一個(gè)逃犯 a retired worker 一位退休工人 a faded curtain一個(gè)褪了色的窗簾 a newly arrived student一個(gè)新來(lái)的學(xué)生 ，注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式 (1)表示時(shí)間，多置于句首，注意如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要用完成式。如： Having pleted one task, we started on another one. (plete 先于 start之前發(fā)生 ) (2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根據(jù)情況有時(shí)要用完成式，有時(shí)用一般式。如： He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it. (3)表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如： Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, pletely lost to the outside world. (4)表 示結(jié)果，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如： The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable. (5)表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 (同位 )，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如： The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other. Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separate task.
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