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審計過程之風險評估過程分析-資料下載頁

2025-03-04 21:46本頁面
  

【正文】 anuts Factors affecting the preliminary judgment about materiality Circumstances and User impact : 舞弊或違法行為造成的錯報比同樣金額的錯誤造成的錯報重要; 與合同條款(例如債務協(xié)議中的比率)有關的細小差異也可能是重要的; 單個賬戶的不重要的錯報可能累計為重要的財務報表錯報。 Factors affecting the preliminary judgment about materiality SEC staff accounting bulletin 99 ① 故意的錯誤計量引起的錯報; ② 改變收益趨勢的錯報; ③ 達到扭虧為贏或者相反目的的錯報; ④ 重要分部或業(yè)務發(fā)生的錯報; ⑤ 違反法規(guī)的錯報; ⑥ 借以滿足債務契約的錯報; ⑦ 關系到管理者報酬的錯報; ⑧ 隱蔽非法交易的錯報。 重要性及其運用 ?確定財務報表層次的重要性 ?確定賬戶交易層次的重要性水平 Set Planning Materiality for the Statements as a Whole Not required to quantify Judgmental Rules of thumbs 5% to 10% of ine before tax 189。% to 1% of total asset 189。% to 1% of total revenue 1% of total equity Multiple bases of materiality ., ine is not misstated by $100,000, and total assets is not misstated by $300,000. materiality VS. volume of audit evidence (Audit cost)? “Investigate mis statements over $1.” A small materiality estimate will result in more/less evidence. A large materiality estimate will result in more/less evidence. “Investigate misstate ments over $1,000,000.” Allocate Planning Materiality Auditors initially set planning materiality for the statements as a whole, and then allocate this to individual accounts based on their susceptibility to misstatement 性質上的重要性判斷 一般應考慮的事項包括: ? 發(fā)生舞弊或者損失的可能性 ? 主觀判斷或者人為操縱的容易程度 ? 賬戶自身的性質、如在建工程賬戶等 ? 數(shù)據(jù)計算以及記賬的復雜性 ? 交易自身的性質、如關聯(lián)方交易 圖表 83 財務報表層次和賬戶交易層次的重要性判斷 F/S項目 金額 金額重要 總分類賬戶 明細分類帳戶 性質重要 綜合重要性 〈 B/S〉 貨幣資金 10,000 ○ 現(xiàn)金 本公司 ○ ○ A子公司 ○ 銀行存款 其他貨幣資金 短期投資 1,000 短期投資 ○ 跌價準備 ○ 應收票據(jù) 10,000 ○ 應收票據(jù) ○ 應收賬款 35,000 ○ 應收賬款 國內(nèi)應收賬款 ○ ○ 國外應收賬款 ○ 壞賬準備 ○ 預付賬款 400 預付賬款 存貨 8,000 ○ 產(chǎn)成品 ○ 存貨跌價準備 ○ 其他流動資產(chǎn) 1,500 內(nèi)部往來 ○ ○ ……… Steps in Risk Assessments ? 了解被審計企業(yè)的經(jīng)營業(yè)務以及行業(yè)情況 ? 評估被審計企業(yè)所面臨的風險及其對財務報表的影響 ? 初步評估被審計企業(yè)的財務報告內(nèi)部控制 1. to identify related parties (SAS16關聯(lián)方及其交易 ) 2. SAS21了解被審計單位情況 requires a reasonable understanding of the client’s industry. 3. to identify the need for outside specialists (SAS12利用專家的工作 ) obtain background information Why should the auditor obtain background information? obtain client motivation Why should the auditor obtain background information? to misstate the financial statements SASX 財務報表審計中對舞弊的考慮 Are management bonuses based on ine? study corporate charter and bylaws study minutes of board and stockholder meetings study existing contracts obtain information about client’s legal obligations how? SAS21..違反法規(guī)行為 perform preliminary analytical procedures What are the purposes of preliminary analytical procedures? understanding the client’s industry assessing going concern issues indicating possible misstatements reducing detailed tests Sufficiently Welljustified Beliefs 審計人的風險評估必須建立在具有充分正當理由的信念( sufficiently welljustified beliefs)之上,審計人必須能夠對他人解釋這種信念是正當?shù)睦碛珊退凇? documentation ① 有關審計計劃的文件; ② 有關企業(yè)層次控制項目的文件; ③ 有關特殊項目審計的文件。 Risk Assessment at F/S Level 財務報表層次的風險評估是為了識別總體性的財務報告風險( Pervasive Financial Reporting Risks) ,比如持續(xù)經(jīng)營風險、引起財務報表重大錯報的舞弊或者錯誤。 Risk Assessment at CAB Level 賬戶余額以及交易循環(huán)層次的風險評估是為了識別賬戶交易層次存在的舞弊或者錯誤。審計人應該針對個別認定考慮賬戶交易層次的風險。 CAB: Classes of Transactions and Account Balances 圖表 89 賬戶余額以及交易循環(huán)和財務報表認定 財務信息的可靠性 表達和披露 賬戶余額或交易循環(huán) 估價和分攤 權利和義務 完整性 存在或發(fā)生 Two types of misstatements ? Misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting ? Misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets. IACP Primary Objectives ?Safeguarding the state’s assets ?Providing reliable financial information Internal Accounting Control Program
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