【正文】 量的空氣污染，上海市政府計(jì)劃用電動(dòng)自行車(chē)替代燃油摩托車(chē)。 There are 600,000 motorcycles in Shanghai which cause a lot of urban air pollution, to change this condition, the metropolis government decide to replace motorcycle with electric bicycle which is clean.? 兩輪動(dòng)力車(chē)輛是發(fā)展中國(guó)家重要的私人交通工具，福特有意進(jìn)入這一市場(chǎng)。 Two wheel transport tools play the main role in personal travel in developing countries, Ford intends to enter the market.背景 background產(chǎn)品生命周期分析 (LCA)方法 The method of LCALCA分析模型與邊界條件Analysis model and boundary condition of LCA? 燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)油耗 /100公里； consuming ? 電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē) 35公里，每次充電耗電量 ； consuming watt hour for 35 Km ? 每個(gè)電池可充電 300次； the battery could recharge for 300 times? 兩種車(chē)使用壽命 10萬(wàn)公里 ； lifelong running distance is 100,000 Km for two of them ? 上海為 100％火電， 1千瓦時(shí)需消耗 409克無(wú)煙煤。 Shanghai power plants are 100% thermal power, which consumes 409 g blind coal for one watt hour.自然資源 natural resource自然資源獲取 obtain of natural resource自行車(chē)制造 bike making自行車(chē)使用 bike using回收 /處理 recycle金屬回收 metal recycle汽油電力或氣態(tài)排放 gas discharge液體排放 liquid discharge固態(tài)排放 solid discharge 系統(tǒng)邊界 system boundary模型 model邊界條件 boundary condition總量分析結(jié)果 analysis of total result 1）總的能源消耗 energy consumption 兩種車(chē)的能量消耗（ kJ） energy consumption (kJ) of two kinds of tool電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)：電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)： electric bike電池制造電池制造 50x106kJBattery manufacture發(fā)電發(fā)電 41x106kJElectricity generate燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)：燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)： motorcycle汽油生產(chǎn)汽油生產(chǎn) Gasoline production燃燒燃燒 115x106kJfuel2）排放 emissions統(tǒng)計(jì) 19種氣體排放、 27種水排放與固體排放Statistics show there are 19 gas emissions, 27 liquids and solids?氣體排放 gas emission 溫室氣體（ GWP） 碳化物（ AP ） 電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)：總排放 the total for electric bike is kg 燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)：總排放 the total for motorcycle is kgq液態(tài)排放 (磅 ) liquid emission (pound)成分 ponent原料生產(chǎn)Material produce自行車(chē)制造 bicycle production自行車(chē)使用 bicycle using報(bào)廢處置 discard treatment整個(gè)生命周期 life cycle電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē) electrical bikeBOD COD SS DS HM HC 合計(jì) 燃油助動(dòng)車(chē) motorcycleBOD COD SS DS HM HC 合計(jì) ?對(duì)于大多數(shù)排放因素，燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)的排放大于電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)。?For most factors, the motorcycle emission more pollution than electric bicycle?對(duì)于重金屬，電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)的排放大于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)。?For heavy metal, the electric bicycle is over the motorcycleq固態(tài)排放 (磅 ) solid emission電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)的固態(tài)排放大于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē) the solid emission of electric bicycle is more than motorcycle評(píng)估與決策 assessment decision making? 電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)能量利用（ 48X106kJ）優(yōu)于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)（ 142X106kJ）；? the energy efficiency of electricity bicycle is higher than that of motorcycle? 電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē) CO、 NOX、 PM、 GWP等氣體排放明顯優(yōu)于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)，故能給城市空氣質(zhì)量改進(jìn)帶來(lái)明顯改善；? the electrical gas emissions such as CO、 NOX、 PM、 GWP are much lower than motorcycle, so it will improve the urban air quality ? 電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)酸化物、 SO固體排放物指標(biāo)明顯高于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)，對(duì)人類(lèi)環(huán)境的總體污染不亞于燃油助動(dòng)車(chē)，主要來(lái)源于煤電。? However the acidification, SO2, and solid emission is much higher than motorcycle, so natural environmentally speaking, electrical bicycle do not stand a better position than motorcycle 結(jié)論：沒(méi)有清潔的電，電動(dòng)助動(dòng)車(chē)就不是清潔的車(chē)。 Result: there is no clean electric bicycle, unless the electricity power is generated from clean energy其他產(chǎn)品生命周期分析得出的重要結(jié)論：important results for the LCA of other products? 巖石粉碎機(jī)的主要環(huán)境影響階段是使用階段，即由于耗電而導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境排放非常嚴(yán)重。? Rock Crusher major environmental impact stage is during its using process, the electricity power consumption leads very serious environmental emissions.? 由于鉑元素催化劑和流場(chǎng)金屬板生產(chǎn)材料和能量消耗，燃料電池堆生產(chǎn)階段的環(huán)境影響與燃油汽車(chē)使用過(guò)程相當(dāng)；如果推廣使用，鉑資源將先于石油耗盡。? the environmental impact of fuel cell production stage is equivalent with its using stage, when take the platinum catalyst ,flow sheet metal and energy consumption into account. If promoting the use of fuel cell, platinum will be exhausted even earlier than oil resources.? 陶瓷三元催化排氣凈化器生命周期中的主要環(huán)境影響發(fā)生在鉑元素的開(kāi)采、提煉和使用階段，而且與使用階段減少的汽車(chē)尾氣污染相差不大。從生命周期角度來(lái)看，汽車(chē)排氣凈化器僅是一個(gè) “轉(zhuǎn)化器 ”，把一個(gè)地方的環(huán)境污染轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)地方 ；? In the life cycle the main environmental impacts of Ceramics 3way catalytic exhaust purification equipment are platinum mining, refining and using stage, and these environment pollutions are equivalent to those which this equipment could reduce from emitting directly. From a lifecycle perspective, automobile exhaust purification is just a “transferor, which transfers a local environmental pollution to another place。? 電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的生命周期成本較高。當(dāng)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的制造成本降低到$100/kWh，充電次數(shù)達(dá)到 1200次或使用壽命達(dá)到 12年，能量 /重量達(dá)到 100 Wh/kg 時(shí)，電動(dòng)汽車(chē)才具有成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。用煤電和鉛酸電池技術(shù)支撐的電動(dòng)車(chē)是 “骯臟的 ”。? The costs of electric vehicle in the whole lifecycle is high. Unless electric vehicles manufacturing cost is reduced to $ 100 / kWh, the recharge times rises to 1,200, or using 12 years, energy / weight to 100 Wh / kg, electric cars bee petitive in the vehicle market. The electric vehicles are dirty which depending on coal and leadacid batteries.演講完畢，謝謝觀看！