【正文】 t the process requirements 由於過程未達(dá)到要求而導(dǎo)致的産品缺陷、瑕疵等不良狀態(tài) ? Failure modes should be written in terms of the condition of the product 失效模式體現(xiàn)在産品上 54 FMEA ? Typical Failure Modes /幾種典型失效模式 ? Diameter out of spec. /直徑超差 ? Missing seal /漏裝密封墊 ? Cut strands /切破線皮 ? Missoriented part /部件方向錯(cuò) ? Insufficient solder /焊劑不足 ? Too much solder /焊劑過量 ? NFO, Flash /未充滿 ,飛邊 ? The ramifications of failure/後果是失效模式的衍生事件 ? The effect can be on /可能影響 ? The ultimate customer /最終用戶 ? Or intermediate customer (OEM, etc.) /中間用戶 ? A government regulation /政府法規(guī) ? The next process step /下工序 55 FMEA ? Customer plaints are a useful source of information 顧客抱怨是非常有用的資訊來源 ? An effect can be /後果可能是 ? Complete loss of function /功能完全喪失 ? Degradation of performance or quality /質(zhì)量或性能下降 ? Damage of process equipment /設(shè)備受損 ? Injury to an operator /員工受傷 ? Shutdown of an assembly line /停線 ? Effects of failure often show up as a chain of events, from immediate effect to the ultimate effect on the customer /失效的後果 通常表現(xiàn)爲(wèi)從對(duì)顧客的直接影響到最終影響等一系列連鎖反應(yīng) ? It is remended that these chains be developed for each failure mode and recorded on the FMEA form /建議針對(duì)每一種失效模式找出這些連鎖反應(yīng)，並記錄在 FMEA表上 56 FMEA ? A cause of failure is how the failure can occur in the process 失效原因就是過程爲(wèi)何會(huì)失效 ? Should be written in terms of something in the process that can be corrected and controlled 應(yīng)表述爲(wèi) 可糾正或可控制 的因素 ? Consider human error, wearout of tools, ambient conditions, and interactions of factors 如人的過失，工裝磨損、環(huán)境條件以及因素間的相互作用 57 FMEA Effects on the process /對(duì)過程的影響 ? 910 May endanger machine or operator / 可能導(dǎo)致設(shè)備或人員受損 ? 68 Scrap /報(bào)廢 ? 45 Sort and rework /篩選和返工 ? 23 Rework online /在線返工 ? 1 No effect /無影響 Consider Also the Effects on the Customer 還要考慮對(duì)顧客的影響 58 FMEA ? Use historical data (as a baseline) /利用歷史資料 ? Take improvements into account 考慮改進(jìn) 910 Failure almost inevitable /失效幾乎不可避免 78 Similar processes that have often failed in the past 以前類似過程常常失效 46 Similar processes that have occasional failures 類似過程偶爾失效 13 Similar processes that have experienced isolated failures /類似過程僅有過個(gè)別失效 59 FMEA CauseandEffect Chain 因果鏈 Tool Is Worn 夾具磨損 Tool Not Replaced 夾具未更換 Lack of Maintenance Procedure/沒有保養(yǎng)程序 Clamp Cracks at Bend夾子在彎曲處裂紋 Bundle Falls Out 線束散開 Rattling Noise 卡嗒聲噪音 CAUSE chain 原因鏈 EFFECT chain 後果鏈 Radius Out Of Spec 半徑超差 60 FMEA Crossed Wire 交叉的電線 No Function 沒有 功能 Causes Tree/原因樹 Effects Tree/後果樹 Fire in Plant 工廠 起火 Operator Injury 員工受傷 Damaged Equip 設(shè)備損壞 Must Repair Vehicle 必需維修車輛 Poor Instruction 指導(dǎo)書 不足 Not Trained 未培訓(xùn) Operator Error 操作員 錯(cuò)誤 Board Error 電路板 錯(cuò)誤 Operator Tired 操作人員疲勞 Crossed Wire 交叉的電線 61 FMEA ? Process controls catch the defect before the product reaches the customer /程序控制當(dāng)在産品到達(dá)顧客前發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷 ! ? There are three types of process controls 程序控制有三種類型 : (1) Prevent the cause of failure, or reduce the rate of occurrence 防止原因出現(xiàn)或降低其出現(xiàn)的可能性 (2) Detect the cause(s) of failure and lead to corrective actions 查明失效的原因並找出糾正措施 (3) Detect the failure mode(s) /檢測(cè)失效模式 Assign Currently used process controls to failure modes and causes 針對(duì)失效模式或原因列出現(xiàn)行的程序控制手段 62 FMEA ? Detection is an assessment of the probability that 探測(cè)度爲(wèi)下列事件發(fā)生的概率 ? A type 2 control can detect the cause and lead to corrective action 第 2類控制能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)原因並找到糾正措施 ? A type 3 control can detect a failure 第 3類控制能夠在不良品到達(dá)顧客前發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷 ... before the product reaches the customer! ? Detection can also assess how effectively a type 1 control can prevent failure 第 1類控制能夠預(yù)防失效的有效程度 63 FMEA ? Aim for PREVENTION rather than detection 目的是 預(yù)防 而不是探測(cè) ? Begin with the highest RPN item 從 RPN高的專案開始 – Don’t set an a prior “cutoff” value (. prior to beginning the FMEA) 勿預(yù)先設(shè)定“分?jǐn)?shù)線” (例如在開始做 FMEA前 ) ? Give serious attention to items with Severity = 9 or 10 嚴(yán)重度＝ 9或 10時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意 64 FMEA ? What corrective action, if any, should be taken to reduce應(yīng)採(cǎi)取哪些措施以降低 – Severity (probably need a design change) 嚴(yán)重度（可能需修改産品設(shè)計(jì)） – Likelihood of occurrence 發(fā)生的可能性 – Detection rating/ 可探測(cè)度 ? You don39。t remend corrective action? Low RPN? 你不建議採(cǎi)取糾正措施嗎？ RPN較低？ – Don39。t leave the space on the form blank. Write None 不要在表上留下空格不填。應(yīng)填寫“無” 65 FMEA ? Recorded on the form /記入表內(nèi)以便 – to track progress /追蹤進(jìn)展 – to document “due care” /說明“應(yīng)有的注意” ? Completion date and a brief description 完成日期和簡(jiǎn)要說明 ? Recalculate the RPN /重新計(jì)算 RPN ? Verify improvement with supporting data!!! 利用支持的數(shù)據(jù)來確認(rèn)改進(jìn) ? Consequences / 結(jié)果 ? May reprioritize the failures 有可能對(duì)失效重新排序 ? May lead to further corrective action 有可能需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn) 66 FMEA ? FMEA must never be done by an individual, because 絕不能由個(gè)人單獨(dú)做 FMEA， 因爲(wèi) ： – Individual efforts produce biased results, 由個(gè)人進(jìn)行會(huì)使結(jié)果出現(xiàn)偏差 – Any actions will require buyin from various groups 進(jìn)行任何活動(dòng)，都需要從不同的組織取得資訊 67 FMEA 68 FMEA 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAIT