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【正文】 Technological Dependence Managing Boundaries Contingent Hero KnowHow Decision Control Bureaucracybased Resourcebased adapted from Man G, Images of Organisations, Sage, 1997 see Mintzberg Sources of power Control of 1. a resource 2. a technical skill 3. a body of knowledge (13 must be critical to the anisation) 4. Legal prerogatives exclusive rights or privileges to impose choices 5. Access to those who have power based on the first four bases Organisational politics ?Subset of power? Informal power? Illegitimate in nature? ?Conflicts of interests ?Conflict or petition for scarce resources ?Payoff matrix how goods services are to be distributed between different parties ?Stakeholder analysis grievances, power, ability to resist change, winners, losers, Organisational development assumptions ? Normative + learning, adaptation, empirical, rationalist not Powercoercive (Power politics deemphasised) ? OD weak on acmodation and avoidance? ? OD programmes ? managerial driving devices or ? OD transcends the negatives of power politics ?? ? French Bell…. OD programs are unlikely to be successful in anisations with high negative faces of politics power. Mintzberg: ‘The structuring of anisations’ Strategic apex Middle line Techno structure Support staff Operating core Ideology Evangelise Centralise Balkanise Collaborate Standardise Professionalise Mintzberg, 1979 How can OD interventionists gain and wield power? ? Competence ? Political access sensitivity ? Sponsorship ? Stature credibility ? Resource management ? Group support Beer (1980) OD change agents (internal and external) need to know about bargaining, negotiation, power shifts politics, strategies of influences the characteristics of power holders Hard, technical expert Intuitive, soft, influential behavioural expert. Organisational Analysis Techniques of: ? Hard soft systems analysis ? Key processes (. BPR) ? Planning processes (power plays) ? Evolutionary models (Chandler strategy) ? Proactive structuring (Mintzberg) ? Virtualisation ? Changing units of currency (knowledge) ? Metasystem analysis ? Network analysis Questions ? Evaluate the tensions revealed by the term anisational development and processes of anisational change. ? Why do anisation development interventions so frequently fail or not live up to expectations? ? Evaluate the merits and difficulties associated with cultural intervention strategies. ? How do various models of OD influence your understanding of anisational change? ? What issues confront a change practitioner beginning a career as an OD adviser or consultant? ? What pearls of wisdom would you give an anisational client who wants to learn more about OD?
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