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tory Digital Concepts ? 11 Digital and Analog Quantities ? 12 Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms ? 13 Introduction to Basic Logic Operations ? 14 Basic Overview of Logic Functions ? 15 FixedFunction Integrated Circuits ? 16 Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) ? 17 Introduction to Test Instruments 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 42 Figure 133 Typical oscilloscopes. (Parts (a) and (c) copyright Tektronix, Inc. Reproduced by permission. Part (b) courtesy of Bamp。K Precision Corp.) 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 43 Figure 134 A typical dualchannel digital oscilloscope. Numbers below screen are arbitrary and are shown for illustration only. 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 44 Figure 1— 35 Example 13 ? 1 V/ div ? 10 us/div 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 45 Example 13 ? Amplitude = (1 V/ div) * (3 div) = 3V ? Period = (10us/div) * ( 4 div) = 40us ? Frequency = 1/T = 1/40us = 25k Hz 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 46 Figure 136 A typical dualchannel analog oscilloscope. 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 47 Figure 137 Typical logic analyzers. (Copyright Tektronix, Inc. Reproduced by permission.) 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 48 Figure 138 Illustration of how a logic probe is used to detect various voltage conditions at a given point in a circuit. 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 49 Figure 139 Illustration of how a logic pulser and a current tracer can be used to apply a pulse to a given point and check for resulting current in another part of the circuit. 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 50 Figure 140 Typical test instruments. (Copyright Tektronix, Inc. Reproduced by permission.) 2022/10/23 CYU / CSIE / YuHua Lee / Email: 51 Figure 141 Simplified basic block diagram for a tabletcounting and bottling control system.