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g. In the future, however, these software panies hope to expand home ATM applications by allowing users to download cash onto a smartcard that is inserted into the puter. The smartcard can then be used at various locations, much like a debit or credit card. Cash Ticket Machines (CTMs) perform functions similar to those of ATMs, and are targeted specifically for businesses (particularly franchises) with high traffic. A CTM is especially advantageous for the merchant because of the way it operates: using a personal debit card, a customer accesses his or her account at the CTM and requests a desired amount, which is then transferred directly into the merchant39。s account. The customer is given a receipt for the specified amount, which he or she then spends for services or goods within the establishment. At the cash register, the customer is reimbursed for any difference left on the receipt. Businesses benefit from this type of machine in several ways the CTM does not contain any cash, the business receives transaction revenues, and customers tend to spend more freely with a receipt, than with actual cash in hand. One problem that ATM deployers must face in the near future is the socalled year 2000 (Y2K) problem. Since most puters are programmed to read only the last two digits of the year (., 1998 will be read as 98) assuming that the first two are 19, the Y2K problem will cause puters to read incorrectly the year 2000 as the year 1900. The problem is expected to wreak havoc not only on puter network systems, but equipment that relies on embedded puter chips to perform date driven functions, such as ATM machines, vault locks, security systems, and switchboards. Although panies have been scrambling to make their puter systems Y2K pliant (., able to handle the date change) to ensure their ability to satisfy customers39。 needs without interruption into the next century, the Y2K problem could still have serious repercussions across all bank activities. For this reason, insurance panies offering Y2K policies typically cover direct business interruption, contingent business interruption, errors and omissions, directors and officers liability, and third party liability. It is important to note that many insurance panies have begun to offer Y2K coverage as a separate line of insurance rather than as part of Electronic Data Processing (EDP) coverage. For the purpose of this article, the Y2K problem will be discussed in the Inland Marine section. Relevant trade associations for the ATM industry include the ATM Industry Association, the American Bankers Association (ABA, which may be contacted at ) and the Bank Administration Institute (BAI, which maybe reached at ) MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT a770t.Automated teller machines。 . and foreign currency。 vaults. Multimedia products: entertainment industry tickets (., movies, concerts), stamps, prepaid telephone cards, airplane tickets, and skilift passes. Materials handling equipment。 basic repair tools. Armored vehicles. Security systems: closed circuit television cameras。 lighting. Office equipment and furniture: desks, chairs, file cabinets, stationery supplies, calculators, copy machines, facsimile machines. Computers and data processing equipment. Automobile Liability a770a.The Automobile Liability exposure will vary considerably, depending on the degree of maintenance and responsibility retained by the automated teller machine (ATM) deployer. Because most independent service organizations (ISOs) offer prehensive service contracts for aspects of ATM deployment, such as installation, maintenance and repair operations, and cash replenishment, a great deal of travel will be necessary. Consequently, for such insureds, the exposure will be significant. What is the frequency of travel? Depending on the services offered by the insured, frequent businessrelated travel may be required. ISOs typically provide all ATM servicing and repair for leased as well as purchased units。 some may offer cash and multimedia replenishment services. For larger insureds, maintenance and repair personnel will travel on a daily basis. In many cases, the insured and/or the insured39。s