[經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)]資源與環(huán)境約束下的中國工業(yè)發(fā)展-資料下載頁
2025-08-21 16:40本頁面
【正文】 五、結(jié)論改革開放20多年來，中國工業(yè)得到了長足的發(fā)展，成就令世界矚目。資源的消費(fèi)和環(huán)境的破壞是工業(yè)發(fā)展的代價(jià)，中國工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展在很大程度上經(jīng)歷了粗放式增長的過程，為此也付出了很大的資源和環(huán)境代價(jià)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的不斷提高，社會(huì)對(duì)于資源和環(huán)境的關(guān)注越來越強(qiáng)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)越來越高，繼續(xù)大量耗費(fèi)資源和環(huán)境，走粗放式工業(yè)增長的道路，已經(jīng)不可能支持中國工業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此，中國工業(yè)正面臨著實(shí)現(xiàn)從主要依靠耗費(fèi)資源技術(shù)來支撐工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的階段向主要依靠節(jié)約資源技術(shù)來支持工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的階段轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵歷史時(shí)期。這是一個(gè)工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要突變期。在這一時(shí)期，工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的升級(jí)，工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的提高，國家有關(guān)資源開發(fā)利用和環(huán)境保護(hù)管制制度的完善和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高，直至接近和達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國家的水平，將成為中國工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力提升的基本方向。在這樣大趨勢(shì)下，我國的工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式、企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方式、經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制等各個(gè)方面都將發(fā)生重大的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的基本觀念和價(jià)值取向也將發(fā)生顯著變化。而“樹立科學(xué)發(fā)展觀”和“走新型工業(yè)化道路”，正是其正式的政策表達(dá)，也是中國進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后的正確戰(zhàn)略選擇。[參考文獻(xiàn)][1][美]加勒特——生態(tài)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和人口禁忌[M].上海：上海譯文出版社，2001.[2][美][M].上海：上海譯文出版社，2001.[3]中國現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略研究課題組，（2004）[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2004.[4]中國現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略研究課題組，（2005）[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2005.[5][M].北京：科學(xué)出版社，2004.[6][M].廣州：廣東經(jīng)濟(jì)出版社，2004.[7][M].北京：經(jīng)濟(jì)管理出版社，2005.[8]，家底有多厚——訪中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局局長孟憲來[N].人民日?qǐng)?bào)，20050131.[9]王一娟，[N].經(jīng)濟(jì)參考報(bào)，20050127.[10]王潔，%[N].中華工商時(shí)報(bào)，20040917.[11]閻衛(wèi)東，(上)[N] .中國黃金報(bào)，20050119.[12][N].中國經(jīng)營報(bào)，20041122.[13]， 中國位居第133位[N].中國青年報(bào)，20050128.[14]： [15]，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)將受到影響[N] .法制早報(bào)，20050216.[16]David S. Landes. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor[M] . W. W. Norton amp。 Company, New York, London, 1998.China’s Industrial Development under the Binding of Resource and Environment Jin Bei (Institute of Industrial Economics, CASS, Beijing 100836)Abstract: China’s industrial development under the binding of resource and environment is more obvious paring with other countries in the world. Population and natural resource are not absolutely obstacles to China’s industrial development, and China’s resource circumstance has its relative advantages, especially in the way of the total volume and variety. However, China is not a country with rich resources, large population and low per capita of resource are basic circumstance. Relying on over consuming energy pushes forward China’s high economic growth, but at the same time it made China’s economic growth close to binding boundary of resource and environment. The volume of reserves, investment, production capacity (including transportation), price (mechanism and endurance) are the four elementary problems of industrial resources, among with prices of various resources are the key problems of supply and demand. The risk of shortage of industrial resources is facing China currently and for the future, problems are first price, second production capacity and third natural reserves. From historical view, the balance between industrial development and environment quality should be bined idealism with realism. The most fundamental factor is that industrialization is a process of market petition based on efficiency and is an international, global petition. Competitiveness is in the final analysis conditioned by effective criterion of existence, development and environment. Industrial system or industrial sector in one country realized the transformation from consumption resource technology into resource save technology is namely as “sudden change of petitiveness”. If China realizes sudden change of petitiveness as a developing country, the meaning is: under the governance criterion of social identification (including international society) up to developed countries, realizing resourcesave technology will be more petitiveness of industrial technology progress paring with resourceconsumption technology under the nondiscrimination of market petition.Key words: resource。 environment。 industrial development。 industrial petitiveness
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