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t that 不可省略 作賓語(yǔ) Whom/that Which/that that 可省略 作定語(yǔ) whose Whose/of which 不可省略 關(guān)系代詞的一般用法 ? 先行詞是人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)用 who或 that, ? 作賓語(yǔ)用 whom who 或 that ? 作定語(yǔ)用 whose 先行詞是物,在從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)都用 which 或 that ? 作定語(yǔ)的 of which 或 whose ? 在大多數(shù)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 which whom who 都可用 that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略 如: ? This is the man who helped me yesterday. 這就是昨天的那個(gè)人(作主語(yǔ)) ? The teacher(who/whom/that) you want to see is ing. 你要見的老師來(lái)了(作 see的賓語(yǔ),可以省略) ? I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. ? 我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)其父親是宇航員的男孩。 (作定語(yǔ)) ? Here is the coat which/that will be made for you. ? 這是一件做給你的衣服。(作主語(yǔ)) ? This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. ? 這就是我們的去年參觀的工廠。(作 visited的賓語(yǔ),可省略) ? He has a book whose cover ( =the cover of which ) is very beautiful . 他有一本封面非常漂亮的書。 關(guān)系副詞的一般用法 ? 關(guān)系副詞有 when where why, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、和原因的。 When的先行詞通常是 time day season age occasion 等時(shí)間名詞; ? Where的先行詞通常有 place city town village house case situation scene 等地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞; ? Why的先行詞只能是 reason。 ? 關(guān)系副詞 when 和 where 有時(shí)可用“介詞 +which‖代替, why可用 for which代替 如: ? there are occasion when (=on which) one must yield ? 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 ? Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地 ? Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer? ? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? ? 【 注意 】 先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),但若在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞 。如: ? ( 1) The factory where his father worked has closed . ? 他父親曾工作的那家工廠關(guān)閉了 (作狀語(yǔ)) 【 比較 】 The factory which /that was built in 1978 has closed. ? 1978 年建的那家工廠關(guān)閉了。(作主語(yǔ))、 ? ( 2) I‘ll never fet the days when we lived together. ? 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們生活的那些的日子。(作狀語(yǔ)) ? 【 比較 】 I?ll never fet the days (that) we spent in Australia. ? 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們?cè)诎拇罄麃喍冗^(guò)的那些日子。(作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)) ? ( 3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。(作狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞) ? 【 比較 】 The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. 他所說(shuō)的缺席理由顯然是編造的。 (作 gave的賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞) 只能用 that的定語(yǔ)從句 ? ( 1)當(dāng)先行詞是指物的 all little few much any anything everything nothing none 時(shí),或先行詞被 all little few much any every no 等修飾時(shí)。如: ? All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已經(jīng)做了。 ? He will tell you everything that he heard about it. ? 他將告訴你他所聽到的關(guān)于這件事的一切 ? There is little work that is fit for 。 ? I have eaten all the food that is 。 ? ( 2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí),或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括 last ,next),最高級(jí)形容詞及 the only the very 等修飾時(shí),如: ? This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. ? 這是我到這里后所看的第一場(chǎng)電影 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. 這是用來(lái)防止污染的最好辦法 。 this is the very book that I am looking for. 這正是我一直尋找的那本書。 ? ( 3) 先行詞包括人和物時(shí) 。如: ? they often take about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他們常常談?wù)撃切┧麄兏信d趣的人和物。 ? ( 4) 當(dāng)主句時(shí)以 who 或 which 開頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),多用 that引導(dǎo)。 如 ? which is the house that caught fire last night? ? 昨晚失火的時(shí)那座房子 ? ? who is lady that is playing the piano? ? 在彈鋼琴的那位小姐是誰(shuí)? 不能用 that的定語(yǔ)從句 ? 定語(yǔ)從句分限制性和非限制性兩種 限制性定語(yǔ)從句為先行詞不可少的定語(yǔ)從句。如果將這種定語(yǔ)從句省去,主句的意思就會(huì)不完整。這種定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系十分的密切,不可用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 ? 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,如果省去也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開。如: ? The boy who‘s sitting behind Kate is my brother. ? 坐在凱特后面的那個(gè)男孩時(shí)我的弟弟。 (限制性) ? Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War. ? 昨晚我看了一部非常優(yōu)秀的影片,這部影片時(shí)關(guān)于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的 ? (非限制性 ) 【 注意 】 ( 1) that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 ? ( 2) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。 定語(yǔ)從句的概述 ? 狀語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句里其狀語(yǔ)作用的從句。 ? 修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、和副詞、 可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式、條件、等。 ? 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。 ? 狀語(yǔ)從句的位置可放在句首,也可在句末, ? 放在句首時(shí) ,從句后面常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 ? 放在句末時(shí),從句后面往往不用逗號(hào)。 ? 如: 譯:明天要是天氣好,我就和你一起去。 ? If it‘s fine tomorrow, I will go with you. ? I will go with you if it‘ ? ( 1) 普通類從屬連詞 ? 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的普通類從屬類連詞通常有 when (當(dāng) ….. 時(shí) ) while(在 ….. 期間) as(當(dāng) ….., 一邊 ….. 一邊) ? Before (在 ….. 之前) after (在 …. 之后) since(從 … 以來(lái)) till/until (直到) whenever(無(wú)論何時(shí)) as soon as (一 ….. 就 …..) 如: ? When I went into the classroom , he was reading. ? 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)他正在看書。 ? He read a newspaper as he went along. ? 他邊走邊看報(bào)紙 ? We must strike while the iron Is ? I will tell you after they leave. 他走后我會(huì)告訴你