【正文】 ghly essential suitable sufficient Critical Thinking Reading More Step One Work together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text you’ve just read. 1. What caused the problems in the marriage of the old couple when they were young? 2. What was the cause for the changes that occurred later when they got old? 3. If you were a marriage consultant, what suggestions would you give to couples who have the same problems as the old couple had in the passage? Reading More—Critical Thinking Step Two Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Why do we need marriage today? Is it loneliness? Is it teamwork? Share with your classmates your ideas about why people get married. 2. “You do not marry someone you can live with。 you marry the person you cannot live without.” Do you agree with the saying? Give your reasons. Reading More—Critical Thinking Practical Translation 被動(dòng)語態(tài)是一種表明句子的謂語和主語間關(guān)系的語法手段。在翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)英漢語言的特點(diǎn)，從句式和輔助詞語兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。 被動(dòng)句的翻譯 1．按原句式翻譯 英語被動(dòng)句是由 “ 助動(dòng)詞 be+過去分詞 ” 構(gòu)成，在譯成漢語時(shí)，可以用 “ 被 ” 、 “ 受 ” 、 “ 遭 ” 、 “ 讓 ” 、“ 給 ” 、 “ 由 ” 、 “ 把 ” 、 “ 為 ??所 ” 、 “ 加以 ” 、“ 予以 ” 等詞來表達(dá)。 2．譯成主動(dòng)句 英譯漢時(shí)，不少英語的被動(dòng)句被譯成漢語的主動(dòng)句，使句子更符合漢語的習(xí)慣。 3．譯成判斷句 有些英語被動(dòng)句并不突出強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而著重對(duì)事物的狀態(tài)、過程和性質(zhì)加以描述，其作用與系表結(jié)構(gòu)類似。此類句式可翻譯成中文的判斷句。 4． It + be +past participle + that 引導(dǎo)的從句的翻譯英語中這樣的句子在漢語中可以譯成不帶主語或帶主語的句。 5．某些表示被動(dòng)含義的句型的翻譯。 . 1) The house needed painting. 譯文：房子需要油漆一下了。 2) The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion. 譯文：是否雇用更多的員工還在研究中。 解析：英語句子雖然看上去是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，含義卻是被動(dòng)的，翻譯成中文通常也用主動(dòng)形式。 Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Pay particular attention to the adverbial clauses. Paragraph One Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people’s early intimate relationships within their family of origin are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanages, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. Translation for Reference: Paragraph One 很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒獲得關(guān)愛的質(zhì)量會(huì)影響到他們以后的交友，在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，如何應(yīng)對(duì)陌生的或可能充滿壓力的情況，以及他們成年后如何建立并且維系情感連系。正是因?yàn)檫@些原因，人們與家庭成員的早期親密關(guān)系才如此至關(guān)重要。在人情冷漠的環(huán)境中（如孤兒院，某些寄養(yǎng)家庭，缺乏關(guān)愛的家庭）長大的孩子會(huì)出現(xiàn)情感和社會(huì)性發(fā)育不良，語言和運(yùn)動(dòng)技能遲緩，以及精神健康問題。 Paragraph Two What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that “there’s one person out there that one is meant for” and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance. Translation for Reference: 一開始讓人相互吸引的是什么？許多人相信 “ 世上有一個(gè)人是你為之而生的 ” ，而且命運(yùn)會(huì)將你倆帶到一起。這樣的想法很浪漫卻不現(xiàn)實(shí)。實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，是文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和價(jià)值觀而非命運(yùn)，將人們連系在一起。我們錯(cuò)過了成千上萬的可能的愛人，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)缇捅徽降幕蚍钦降奶暨x理想愛人的準(zhǔn)則篩選出局，這些準(zhǔn)則包括年齡、種族、地域、社會(huì)階層、宗教、性傾向、健康狀況或外表。 Expository Essays (1) Focused Writing Expository [?ks39。p?z?tr?] Essays An expository essay is an explanatory essay. It explains the topic to the reader and shows that the writer understands the topic. It explains plicated ideas through reasoning, examples, description, statistics and definition. That is, it “posits” information by supporting an idea or argument with clear evidence. It should be wellstructured with a clearly stated thesis. The thesis should be clearly and objectively analyzed and states the writer’s main argument. The rest of the essay then supports or substantiates the thesis with clear reasoning. Focused Writing — Writing Skill Strategies to develop an expository essay: exemplification, definition, classification, parison and contrast, and causeandeffect. Focused Writing — Writing Skill 1. Exemplification Examples in an essay function to support, clarify, interest, and persuade. 2. Definition To write a successful definition you must share all the knowledge you have obtained on the subject. 3. Classification A classification has three principles: consistency, exclusiveness and pleteness. Focused Writing — Writing Skill ? Consistency means the parts or members of the classification must be based on the same principle of division. ? Exclusiveness requires that the parts or members should not overlap. ? Completeness in classification lays emphasis on the fact that no part or member can be omitted in a classification. However, this does not mean that a plete list of all members is necessary in an essay. Final Project Final Project Roleplay Work together with two partners. Imagine you are the parents and the daughter. The parents are planning a vacation and they are trying to figure out who’s going to pay for what. The discussion eventually leads to a listing of each other’s faults. The daughter tries to help the parents to solve their problem. Roleplay a conversation of the three people. The following words and expressions are for your reference: Final Project ? I always thought we’d... ? selfish, ? not considerate, ? mean, ? That’s just your opinion! ? whatever, ? you never know what I want Thank You!