【正文】 nd Luyuan EV, you must head off the beaten track to Jinhua, an industrial metropolis of 1 million people that is tucked into the unbroken sprawl south of Shanghai that is Zhejiang province. In the chairman39。s spacious corner office (one of the few heated rooms at Luyuan on a cold February day), Ni chainsmokes, sipping from a seemingly bottomless jar of wellsteeped green tea. He says traffic is the top concern in many Chinese cities, and the electric bicycle fills a void by offering an affordable alternative to sitting in a stationary car or bus. If governments don39。t have the solution, the people will behave in their own ways, says Ni. There39。s no way to stop that.! 去尋找綠源，要從上海市一路南下，來到金華。這是浙江省的一座城市，人口百萬，工業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)。順著金華市工業(yè)園的公路就可以找到綠源公司的總部。倪捷的辦公室坐落在辦公樓的一角，寬敞舒適，是公司里為數(shù)不多的帶暖氣的房間之一，寒冷的二月里，這一點顯得尤為突出。倪捷煙不離手，喝著泡著濃濃的綠茶的廣口杯，侃侃道來創(chuàng)業(yè)的艱辛與收獲。他說，在中國的大多數(shù)城市里，交通是個首要問題，電動車是昂貴的轎車和擁擠的公交車的首選替代品和補充品?！叭绻疀]有明確的解決方案，人民就可以按自己的辦法去行動，沒有理由去阻止人們這樣做?！薄　i took people power to surprising limits in 2003 when officials in Fuzhou, the capital of neighboring Fujian province, decided to ban electric bicycles—shutting off what until then had been one of Luyuan39。s best markets. The city not only ceased issuing licenses for electric bicycles but also seized 20 electric bikes from a bicycle shop in the summer of 2003. Ni gathered a coalition of 126 electricbike manufacturers and filed suit against the city in its own municipal court. The coalition scored a partial win against the city government, forcing it to return the seized bikes.倪捷非?？粗腥嗣竦牧α?，這一點在福州事件中得到了充分印證。2003年夏天，當時，綠源最大市場之一是毗鄰的福建省省會福州市，但是該市的政府卻要明令封殺電動車，不但不給電動車執(zhí)照，而且禁止銷售，他們沒收了綠源專賣店里的20輛電動自行車。倪捷就聯(lián)合了126家電動車廠家，將市政府(工商局)告上了法庭。此次，廠商聯(lián)手，迫使市政府無條件發(fā)還了無理沒收的電動車。這次聯(lián)手取得了局部的成功。 Far more valuable, says Ni, was the sympathetic coverage they received from national media and the warning that attention sent to other municipalities. What we told other governments is that if they do the same as Fuzhou, there will be some trouble, he says. 倪捷認為此次福州事件更深遠的意義在于贏得了全國媒體的廣泛關注和支持，并且也給其它(反對電動車的)地方政府有一點警示作用。“我們向其他地方政府傳達的信息是，如果他們學習福州市政府的做法來反對電動車，他們就會有一些麻煩?！? Conflict over electric bikes isn39。t limited to the municipalities and the manufacturers. Even the China Bicycle Association has been clashing with some panies, including Luyuan, over what types of electric twowheelers should be on the road [see photo, The Basic Bike]. The bike group enforces a national standard for electric bicycles, and whichever parameter you choose—weight (no more than 40 kilograms), width (220 millimeters for the pedal shaft), speed (20 km/h, maximum)—many of the latest electric scooters either flunk or thwart the standard. Lots of electric scooters, for example, are outfitted with nonfunctioning pedals and with speedlimiting devices designed for easy removal after purchase. Luyuan39。s latest machine doesn39。t just skirt the electricbike standard。 it rumbles right over it. Luyuan calls its new product the LEV, short for light electric vehicle, and Ni openly admits that it39。s more than a bicycle. Luyuan39。s Web site calls it an electric motorcycle, and that seems fitting: the LEV weighs in at 95 kg。 its 48V, 20AH battery packs double the energy of the standard bike。 and its 500watt CPUcontrolled motor propels it to 35 km/h. $ 　　圍繞電動車引發(fā)的沖突并不只局限于地方政府和生產(chǎn)廠家，中國自行車協(xié)會也和一些廠商(包括綠源)在產(chǎn)品細節(jié)上發(fā)生分歧，諸如何種兩輪車才可以上路等。自行車協(xié)會強調(diào)的是電動自行車的國家標準，如重量不能超過40公斤，腳踏之間的寬度不能超過220毫米，最高時速小于20公里等等，許多最新的電動自行車和踏板電動車都不符合這些指標?！　±?，很多踏板電動車配置了騎行功能不好的腳踏，并有限制速度的附加裝置。有些人買回去就可以自己把限速裝置拆掉。綠源公司的一款最新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)不再被現(xiàn)有的電動自行車標準所限制，綠源把這種新車型被稱做LEV，輕型電動車的縮寫。倪捷公開承認它已經(jīng)不僅僅是“自行車”了。在綠源的網(wǎng)站上它被稱為“電動摩托車”：車重95公斤，配備48伏20安時的電池，電機的輸出功率高了一倍，達到500瓦，用CPU控制的電機可以將時速提高到35公里。 　　The LEV has no official status in China. Nevertheless, on what should be a slow sales day at a Luyuan retail outlet in downtown Jinhua, the LEVs are flying out the door. In the space of an hour, one is snapped up by a 25yearold man, and a working mother rolls out with another. Why did she choose an LEV? She drives her rather bigboned son to school and prefers an LEV to a gaspowered scooter, pointing to the endemic air pollution hanging over the city. 　　Ni is betting that governments will sanction the LEV if it proves popular. He says he believes that Luyuan has addressed the one concern municipalities could level against the LEV that might have stuck: reduced safety due to the cycle39。s greater weight. The LEV employs an electric drum brake that, Ni claims, stops it faster than the cantilever brakes used on gardenvariety electric bikes could. A is also in the works that would boost braking power by using the inhub motor as a generator to pull energy out of the wheels, extending the vehicle39。s range by simultaneously charging the battery./ ~) 雖然目前國家還沒有出臺LEV統(tǒng)一標準，不過在金華，即使是銷售淡季，顧客還是首選LEV。在不到一個小時內(nèi)，一位25歲的年輕人和一位上班族母親相繼開走了兩輛。在被問及選中這輛車的理由時，她指著城市上空的空氣污染解釋道她必須送塊頭大的兒子去上學，但是為了降低本地城市的空氣污染，她寧可選擇電動車，而不要燃油的踏板摩托車。 倪捷樂觀地相信，政府在看到LEV的普遍使用之后，會給予正式許可的。現(xiàn)在不少人對該車重量增加是否會降低安全系數(shù)持懷疑態(tài)度。倪捷解釋道：LEV裝有電鼓閘，它的剎車效果比各種各樣電動車常用的懸臂閘要好得多。新的能量回收型制動系統(tǒng)也已開始使用，這種新系統(tǒng)在剎車時將把主動的電動機變成被動的發(fā)電機，一方面有利于迅速制動，另一方面也可以把剎車要消耗的能量提取出來對電池充電，從而擴大了車輛的行車里程。 Ever the entrepreneur, Ni sees the success of the LEV as a step toward bigger and better things. He already has his eye on the market for small delivery vehicles, and he even imagines Luyuan making electric cars and challenging the major automakers. They are investing money, saying we are going to change the gasoline system to electric, he points out. But will the big panies really be willing to destroy their own factories to build the new ones? In Ni39。s view, small, aggressive Chinese panies like Luyuan are more likely to drive the EV revolution, because they have nothing to lose.　　作為一名企業(yè)家，倪捷把在電動自行車和LEV上的成功看成是走向“更大和更好”的電動化交通工具的關鍵一步。他已經(jīng)開始關注小型電動運輸車輛的市場，甚至夢想有一天，綠源能夠生產(chǎn)出自己的小型電動汽車，與大公司競爭。“他們總是在說，‘我們正在投入大量資金，我們將有計劃地把燃油系統(tǒng)改成電動系統(tǒng)?！蹦呓葜赋?，“但是，這些大公司他們真的愿意毀掉現(xiàn)有的工廠去建設新的工廠嗎？”依倪捷看來，一批富有進取心的小企業(yè)，就像綠源這樣的，更有可能推動電動車革命，因為這樣做他們一無所失?！　HE BIGGEST CHALLENGE facing electricbike makers may not be