【正文】 ot for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂，人生會(huì)很無聊。 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒有氧和氮，人就無法生存于地球了。 Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣，所有的生物都會(huì)死亡。 Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是報(bào)紙，我們都趕不上時(shí)代了。 I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會(huì)寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。 Were it not for his help, I could not finish the ，我就不能完成這件工作。 Were it not for science, we could not live a fortable live. 若非科學(xué)，我們無法過著舒適的生活。If it had not been for ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰if it had not been for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動(dòng)詞…說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）…”。此類句構(gòu)專門用于表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)語氣。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙，我應(yīng)該已經(jīng)失敗。Had it not been for your timely help, our pany would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若非你及時(shí)伸出援助之手，本公司將會(huì)瀕臨破產(chǎn)的邊緣。If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是這些實(shí)驗(yàn)，這部機(jī)器也許就不可能改良了。 Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的向?qū)В铱赡芫驮谏街忻月妨恕? If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場(chǎng)，我當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)處罰你。I demand/insist that ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞1＋意志動(dòng)詞（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主詞2＋（should）＋原形動(dòng)詞說明︰意志動(dòng)詞有四類：建議（suggest，remend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，mand 等），規(guī)定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接 that子句時(shí)，該子句里的動(dòng)詞要用原形或“should＋動(dòng)詞”。美式英語通常省略 should。 The mittee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會(huì)。 His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點(diǎn)以前回家。 The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。 They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規(guī)定不應(yīng)加重法律。 His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English. 他的父親規(guī)定他要用英文寫日記。 My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我，而且堅(jiān)持我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)我的教育。 He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅(jiān)持我應(yīng)該向她道歉。 Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive. 最近，許多州堅(jiān)持中學(xué)應(yīng)該教學(xué)生如何開車。 His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅(jiān)持他們應(yīng)該搬到鄉(xiāng)下。It is proper ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰It is＋意志形容詞（important 等）＋（that）＋主詞＋（should）＋原形動(dòng)詞說明︰意志形容詞包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，remendable，proper 等。that子句中只能用助動(dòng)詞 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。 It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。 It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。 It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災(zāi)民。 It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas. 在圣誕節(jié)施舍窮人是可喜的事。 It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。 It is important that he not do it. 他不該做那事是有必要的。 It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會(huì)員都被要求出席這次晚會(huì)。 It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 這么壞的人受重罰是應(yīng)該的。Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause結(jié)構(gòu)︰祈使句＋連接詞＋主句說明︰祈使句表示須具備的條件，主句表示可能的結(jié)果。祈使句代替 if 子句進(jìn)行評(píng)說，提出要求，訂立協(xié)議，提供建議或威脅等。祈使句的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。 Provide the materials and we’ll do the job. 提供材料，我們就做這活。 Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否則你會(huì)把鄰居吵醒的。 Put that down or else I’ll smack you. 把它放下，不然我就揍你。Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression. 要準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，否則你會(huì)給人一個(gè)壞的印象。 Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity. 你（如果）不付款，他們就要斷電。 Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃飯。Unless ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰Unless＋子句，主要子句說明︰此句型意為“除非…”。unless 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定假設(shè)句，相當(dāng)于 if ... not ...，有時(shí)可以互換使用?？傮w上看，unless 的語氣強(qiáng)于 if ... not ...，而且有時(shí)較為常用，例如在最后通牒中。 Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you. 除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。 Unless the management improves their offer, there’ll be a strike. 除非資方做出進(jìn)一步的建議，否則將舉行罷工。 I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time － unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時(shí)趕到會(huì)場(chǎng)，除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。Provided/Providing (that) ....結(jié)構(gòu)︰Provided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果…”。Provided/Providing (that) 引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句，其功能相當(dāng)于 if。 Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。As/So long as ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果…，只要…”。As/So long as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件假設(shè)句，其功能相當(dāng)于 if。 So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你開車小心，你就會(huì)很安全。 You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何東西。 As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活著，我都會(huì)幫助你。 As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出賣我，要我做什么我都愿意。 We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a ，我們就盡早裝貨。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你們成天游手好閑，就永遠(yuǎn)也成不了好學(xué)生。Suppose/Supposing (that) ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰Suppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果…，假使…”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句，其功能相當(dāng)于 if。 Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? 如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎么辦？What if/Say ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰What if/Say＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“假設(shè)…”。What if 和 Say 用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)假設(shè)條件句，其義相當(dāng)于 Let us suppose（讓我們假設(shè)）。 What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then? 假設(shè)他在我們之前趕到家而又進(jìn)不去呢？那他怎么辦呢？ What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do? 假設(shè)你的錢用完了呢？你將怎么辦呢？With luck ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰With luck，＋主要子句說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設(shè)條件句（即不用 if 直接引導(dǎo)）。with luck 意為“如果幸運(yùn)的話，如果運(yùn)氣好的話”。 With luck, we’ll be there by ，我們明天將到達(dá)那兒。（=If we are lucky） With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運(yùn)的話，她將得到那份工作。（=If she is lucky）Given time ...結(jié)構(gòu)︰Given time，＋主要子句說明︰此為含蓄假設(shè)條件句（即不用 if 直接引導(dǎo)）。Given time 意為“（如果）給以時(shí)間的話”。Given time, they will probably ，他們